REGISTRATION

OPEN CEREMONY  & KEYNOTE ADDRESS: PROF. DETMAR STRAUB

COFFEE BREAK

COFFEE BREAK

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Breaking the conventions: a new operating system for the next generation workstation, ITSME
KEYNOTE: Prof. Giorgio De Michelis

REGISTRATION

KEYNOTE ADDRESS: PROF. Dr. MARTIN CURLEY, Global Director, IT Innovation Director, Intel Labs Europe

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LUNCH BREAK

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REGISTRATION

COFFEE BREAK

CONCLUSIONS

ECIS2009-0070.R1
A REVIEW OF ETHICAL THEORY IN THE ‘UPPER ECHELONS’ OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH
CHRISTOPHER BULL, Business Information Technology and Management Science, Manchester Metropolitan University Business School, Manchester M1 3GH, UK
Abstract
Despite some notable and rare exceptions and after many years of relatively neglect (particularly in the ‘upper echelons’ of IS research), there appears to be some renewed interest in Information Systems Ethics (ISE). This paper reflects on the development of ISE by assessing the use and development of ethical theory in contemporary IS research with a specific focus on the ‘leading’ IS journals (according to the Association of Information Systems). The focus of this research is to evaluate if previous calls for more theoretically informed work are  permeating the ‘upper echelons’ of IS research and if so, how (Walsham 1996; Smith and Hasnas 1999; Bell and Adam 2004). For the purposes of scope, this paper follows on from those previous studies and presents a detailed review of the leading IS publications between 2005to2007 inclusive. After several processes, a total of 32 papers are evaluated. This review highlights that whilst ethical topics are becoming increasingly popular in such influential media, most of the research continues to neglect considerations of ethical theory with preferences for a range of alternative approaches. Finally, this research focuses on some of the papers produced and considers how the use of ethical theory could contribute.

ECIS2009-0204.R1
GENDER AND VISIBLE MINORITY STATUS: CAREER ADVANCEMENT IN THE CANADIAN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SECTOR
WENDY CUKIER Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
MARGARET YAP Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
MARK HOLMES Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
SARA RODRIGUES Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
In spite of the economic downturn, demographic factors are expected to continue to produce a labour shortage particularly in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector. In Canada, the sector has signaled that critical skills shortages exist in certain areas although the extent of these shortages is the subject of much debate.  While economists have suggested that by the year 2011, all labor force growth in Canada will come from immigration, research has shown that immigrants often face barriers to full employment. Similarly, women are under-represented in ICT and face a range of barriers to employment and advancement. Increasingly, both government and industry have asserted that more effective “management of diversity” could help alleviate the skills shortage.  To date, research has focused on barriers to entering the workplace but less has focused career satisfaction even though there is evidence to suggest that these may have significant impact on employee retention and productivity. The role of demographic factors is complex. For example, in Canada, while all immigrants are not visible minorities and all visible minorities are not immigrants; recent immigrants are more likely to be visible minorities. In addition, the intersection of variables, such as gender and visible minority status, complicates the analysis. Our study examines demographic factors affecting career satisfaction among 7110 managers with a minimum of 10 years experience in nine large Canadian companies in the Information Communications and Technology Sector...

ECIS2009-0328.R1
MEASURING THE SUCCESS OF INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES DESIGNED TO INCREASE THE PARTICIPATION RATE BY WOMEN IN COMPUTING
ANNEMIEKE CRAIG, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia;
LINDA DAWSON Monash University, Monash University PO Box 197, Caulfield East 3145, Australia;
JULIE FISHER, Monash University, Monash University PO Box 197, Caulfield East 3145, Australia.
Abstract
Many intervention programmes to encourage greater female participation in computer education and careers have been conducted in the last twenty years.  These intervention programmes take considerable time, effort and money to design and implement.  If success were to be measured by an increase in the percentage of female students undertaking computing courses then these programmes would have to be considered a failure.  This paper describes a research project which examined fourteen intervention programmes in detail.  From the perspective of the programme champions each of the intervention programmes was considered successful, even when this success was restricted to specific areas or limited to small groups of individuals.   Formal evaluation appeared to have been an afterthought rather than a priority of many of the programme champions.  Some programmes appeared to be less effective due to the lack of targeted and clear goals or predetermined evaluation criteria.  It is recommended that during the initial planning phase for intervention programmes a clear objective is to consider what a successful programme would look like and what the evaluation criteria would be.  Further work is needed to understand how intervention programmes can be better designed and evaluated so that their impact and success can be expanded

ECIS2009-0041.R1
THE CHIASMUS OF DESIGN: PARADOXICAL OUTCOMES IN THE E-GOVERNMENT REFORM OF UK CHILDREN’S SERVICES
DAVE WASTELL, Nottingham University Business School, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, UK;
SUSAN WHITE, Dept. of Applied Social Science, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK;
KAREN BROADHURST, Dept. of Applied Social Science, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK;
CHRIS HALLCentre for Applied Childhood Studies, University of Huddersfield, UK;
SUE PECKOVER Centre for Applied Childhood Studies, University of Huddersfield, UK.
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed ethnographic study of the design problems of a major national IT system in UK child protection and welfare services. The implementation of the Integrated Children’s System (ICS) has disrupted social work practice and engendered growing professional resistance, prompting a fundamental review of its design. Marshall McLuhan’s concept of chiasmus is a central feature of the analysis presented here of the tribulations of the ICS. Chiasmus refers to the tendency of any system, when pushed too far, to produce unintended contradictory effects, and is an intrinsic feature of the behaviour of complex, socio-technical systems. The dysfunctions of the ICS provide a pertinent, large-scale example. The ICS constitutes an attempt, via technological means, to re-organize child welfare services in the UK. Whilst aimed at improving child safety, the ICS has had the opposite effect of increasing the potential for error. This chiasmus has been exposed through the multi-site ethnography reported here, which shows how rigidly designed processes, enforced by IT systems, force social work professionals into unsafe investigative and recording practices which put children at greater risk. The paper ends by proposing an alternative approach to design, based on proven socio-technical precepts, emphasizing the principles of minimum critical specification, user-centeredness and local autonomy.

ECIS2009-0310.R1
APPLYING LESSONS LEARNED FROM COUNSELLING : ON NURTURING RELATIONS IN DESIGN PROJECTS
DIEGO CALZÀ, University of Trento, Department of Sociology and Social Research, piazza Venezia 41, 38100 Trento;
CLAUDIA CATTANI, eTour, via Grazioli 63, 38100 Trento, Italy;
GIANNI JACUCCI, University of Trento, Department of Sociology and Social Research, piazza Venezia 41, 38100 Trento.
Abstract 
This paper elaborates on the personal relation between the facilitator and the participants in Social Practice Design. It is argued that such processes can not just be managed, but have to fostered in relatively free way, so that results can transcend expectations and more closely approach the actual possibilities. This is explained by aspects of Rogers' theory on therapy. 
 The paper aims to be an interesting and strong example of the critical need for a good relationship in facilitating design. By itself, such a conclusion would not be surprising, but some of its constituent aspects are detailed: the paper elaborates on the relevance of deploying focus and effort on personal relation, in interventions for organisational innovation. 
Supporting the establishment of sense making and trust with Social Practice Design (SPD) approaches is found to be of primary importance in an e-Government development project. Here regional employees user-design a computer-based aid for public tender editing – a tender configurator - with the support of facilitators. We address the structural problem with infra-structural measures including open conversations to promote shared understanding, and user design laboratories to promote concept emergence and learning, while practicing relation and trust building all along. Our constructivist approach renounces from the start to solve the governance problem within a narrow managerial perspective...

ECIS2009-0659.R1
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PUBLIC E-SERVICES
ANNIE RÖSTLINGER Linköping University, Dept of Management and Engineering, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
STEFAN CRONHOLMLinköping University, Dept of Management and Engineering, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden & University of Borås, Business and Informatics, 501 90 Borås, Sweden.
Abstract
This paper focuses on design criteria for public e-services. The paper challenges traditional lists of  usability criteria supporting design and evaluation of IT-systems. Traditional criteria within the field of human-computer interaction are perceived as too limited and an expanded view of the communication and business process is proposed. Within this expanded view, existing usability criteria are considered as important but not sufficient. Based on this claim, criteria also supporting communication and business actions are proposed. The proposed criteria are generated from an empirical study concerning a development of an e-service. The aim of this e-service is to support the communication between companies and the municipality when companies are going to get permission for running business. Analysing the communication need in this context has been of particular interest in order to generate complementary criteria for design and evaluation. Examples of criteria generated are: good conditions for users to become knowledgeable (support for perception, comprehension and information), differentiate between informative and performative parts, provide meta information (purpose and content).

ECIS2009-0186.R1
BITCHING, BOUNCING AND BRAWLING - HOW BACKCHANNELS BROUGHT COLOUR TO CONFERENCE CALLS
BENJAMIN EATON, The London School of Economics and Political Science.
Abstract
This paper addresses the research question: How do digital backchannels, mediated by Real-Time Communications, facilitate the progress of conference calls? It is argued that whilst the fields of Distributed Work and Computer Supported Collaborative Work have been studied in depth, research into Real-Time Communications (RTC) and Instant Messaging (IM) is at an early stage. There is a paucity of research into the use of these technologies in distributed settings within organisations, especially from a perspective of generating social cohesion within teams. Furthermore, there is no known research into the use of instant messaging to mediate “hidden” interactions between individuals, through digital backchannels, within conference calls. Qualitative empirical evidence is obtained from two case studies of teams using an established corporate RTC product. Goffman's Interaction Order (1983) is presented a suitable lens through which to interpret this mediated form of interaction. Empirical evidence points to concurrent working and use of digital backchannels during meetings and conference calls. Dramaturgy (Goffman 1959) is used to identify and analyse three interaction styles of “bitching”, “bouncing” and “brawling”. It is found that interactions over digital backchannels fulfil criteria of Interaction Ritual (Goffman 1967) and may contribute to the creation of social cohesion.

ECIS2009-0439.R1
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE SUCCESS OF EMPLOYEE PORTALS
NILS URBACH, European Business School (EBS), Rheingaustr. 1, 65375 Oestrich-Winkel, Germany;
STEFAN SMOLNIK, European Business School (EBS), Rheingaustr. 1, 65375 Oestrich-Winkel, Germany;
GEROLD RIEMPP, European Business School (EBS), Rheingaustr. 1, 65375 Oestrich-Winkel, Germany.
Abstract
Many companies utilize employee portals to improve information exchange and communication between their employees as well as to better support business processes. Owing to limited IT budgets and the need to justify portal investments, assessing employee portal benefits is important. In this article, we propose a model for measuring employee portal success on the basis of the DeLone and McLean IS Success Model as well as an extensive review of employee portal success measurement literature. The resulting model is put forward as the foundation for future empirical work in this area. A card-sorting and item-ranking approach as well as a survey trial is conducted in order to validate the survey instrument. Methods of classical test theory are proposed for the further validation of the survey instrument and the assessment of the measurement model.

ECIS2009-0448.R1
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF REAL-TIME COMMUNICATION ON MEDIA CHOICE IN THE CONTEXT OF DISTRIBUTED WORK
ALEKSI AALTONEN, The London School of Economics and Political Science;
BENJAMIN EATON, The London School of Economics and Political Science.
Abstract
This paper presents an exploratory study into the use of real-time communication (RTC) systems to support distributed work. Motivated by the authors’ dissatisfaction with theories assuming individually rational actors, the paper suggests the idea of informated presence to capture phenomena emerging from employees’ increasingly computer-mediated engagement with their work environment. Four case vignettes are presented to illustrate different communicative strategies that develop in response to presence availability updates generated by RTC systems. Drawing from Goffman’s microsociological idea of interaction order and Zuboff’s seminal work on computer-mediated work, the findings indicate the limitations of approaches such as information richness theory in understanding real-time communication in organizational settings. More research is needed to elaborate the implications of informated presence on distributed work and coordination of knowledge workers.

ECIS2009-0004.R1
MITIGATING RESPONSE DISTORTION IN IS ETHICS RESEARCH
SAMUEL KWAN, HKUS, Clear Water Ba, Hong Kong;
KAR TAM , HKUS, Clear Water Ba, Hong Kong.
Abstract
Response distortion attributable to a variety of human motivations has long been a recognized problem for behavioral research relying on self reports by individuals. Researchers studying unethical IS behaviors usually need to solicit self reports because of the secrecy of such behaviors. Unfortunately, the unethical nature of those behaviors often subject self reports to various response distortions such as socially desirable responding. This paper discusses the method of psychometric adjustment for response distortion and empirically examines response distortion due to socially desirable responding in a software piracy research. The boundary conditions of psychometric adjustment are then discussed in depth and the use of randomized response technique, an alternative to mitigate response distortion, in IS ethics research is highlighted.

ECIS2009-0514.R1
IDENTITY IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS
URI GAL Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus, Fuglesangs Allé 4, DK-8210 Aarhus V, Denmark;
ANNEMETTE KJÆRGAARD Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Abstract
Research into the role of identity in organizations has become increasingly popular in recent years. Scholars from different organizational and management disciplines have applied the concept to address a wide variety of issues. In light of the concept’s broad applicability, we conduct a review of six prominent IS journals to examine the extent of the concept’s use in our field. Our review reveals that the concept is scantly employed by IS researchers, which, we believe, constitutes a missed opportunity. In light of this finding, we outline possible directions and opportunities for using the identity concept in IS research with the aim of enriching and diversifying the conceptual discourse in our field.

ECIS2009-0322.R1
A SITUATED KNOWLEDGE WORK CONTEXT PERSPECTIVE NON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE-ORGANISATION MISALIGNMENTS
KHUONG LE-NGUYEN Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;
ROMANO DYERSON Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;
G. 'HARI' HARINDRANATH Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
Abstract
Underpinned by the work of Schultze and Boland (2000) on situated knowledge work context, and using Bourdieu’s (1990) theory of practice, this paper draws attention to potential sources of likely misalignment between Knowledge Management (KM) software and the implementing organisation. Using the case of a global IT-Management consultancy firm, the paper elucidates KM software-organisation misalignments as the consequence of differences between organisational and KM technology developer’s ‘situated’ knowledge work contexts with due consideration of the case organisation’s large and diverse user base. Such contextual differences reflect the differing ‘situated’ knowledge work structures that KM technology developers and adopting organisations deliberately acquire and evolve over time. Theoretically, by giving a more comprehensive account of how knowledge work structures were emergent and then embedded into the organisation that either develops or implements the technology, we wish to provide readers with insights into the sources of misalignment, thereby enriching theory of KM technology implementation. Practically, studies of this nature would help make organisations more aware of the factors that can influence KM software package implementation, particularly in the case of large firms that are characterised by high-value, text-based knowledge for decision-making, such as consultancies, R&D, healthcare or legal organisations.

ECIS2009-0098.R1
SUCCESS FACTOR VALIDATION FOR GLOBAL ERP PROGRAMMES
GUNTER SEIDEL, Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland;
ANDREA BACK Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Abstract
The success of current global enterprise resource planning (ERP) programmes depends on a wider range of factors than encountered in previous ERP efforts. Therefore, a better understanding of how these factors contribute to the effectiveness of ERP will aid programme development. To this end, the validity of twelve success factors with two to seven associated management actions derived by prior research was verified by a survey evaluated with structural equation modelling (SEM) based on the partial least squares (PLS) algorithm. This study was able to verify all twelve success factors and more than 80% of the associated management actions. The results form a predictive model of success probability of global ERP programmes.

ECIS2009-0110.R1
“AVOIDING MANAGEMENT” OF RESISTANCES DURING IT PRE-IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: A LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH IN A HIGH TECH CORPORATION
RÉGIS MEISSONIER, CEROM, GSCM - Montpellier Business School, 2300 avenue des Moulins, 34185 Montpellier, France;
EMMANUEL HOUZE, CREGOR, IAE, Montpellier II University, place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France.
Abstract:
Most of empirical research about users' resistance toward IT has been conducted after IT been implemented in organizations surveyed. Few longitudinal research have been done about the way individual and group resistances emerge and evolve during prior stages of projects. This focus on pre-implementation phases is all the more important that IS managers need to anticipate potential conflicts and users’ resistances likely to involve project failure. This article delivers the results a two year longitudinal research conducted at Netia corp. (a worldwide leader in video and audio broadcasting) during preliminary phases of its ERP implementation project. As main findings, while conflicts toward IT implemented are often considered as having negative effects and requiring to be actively managed by the hierarchy, the case study delivers an alternative observation: it describes how an affective oriented conflict has been solved while managers adopted an “avoiding management style”. Our observations differ from several prior studies about conflict anagement styles and support that an avoiding management style can drive team’s members to cope efficiently with conflict situations during IT pre-implantation phase. In conclusion, the article presents research perspectives associated to these results

ECIS2009-0646.R1
BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS IN THE USE OF ERP SYSTEMS: STUDY OF A GLOBAL ORGANIZATION
SONIA DECOSTER, University of São Paulo, School of Economics, Business Administration and Accountancy, São Paulo, Brazil;
RONALDO ZWICKER, University of São Paulo, School of Economics, Business Administration and Accountancy, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
Since the 1990’s integrated information systems, better known as Enterprise Resource Planning,  really started to take off as a potential solution for the integration of all core business areas in the organizations, allowing more visibility by consolidating all the information in one shared database, in real time. On the other hand, implementing a ERP system causes profound changes in the way employees perform their tasks. Research of the concerning literature suggests that ERP systems increase  visibility and control within the company, the better access to information contributes to the empowerment of the employees, in the same way that the procedures of the ERP systems engage employees in self discipline and reflection on work practices. The literature review addresses concepts such as Foucault’s view of disciplinary power, organizational control and empowerment. The study adopted a quantitative methodology through a survey conducted in a multinational organization with 213 respondents, revealed that the visibility offered by the ERP system fosters autonomy making empowerment easier and that the respondents do not feel more controlled by their superiors or peers. In contrast to previous research, which relates reflexion to improve working practices, the present study relates reflexion with commitment to performing the system’s standardized tasks

ECIS2009-0048.R1
ANTECEDENTS AND DRIVERS OF IT-BUSINESS STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT: EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF A THEORETICAL MODEL
ALI YAYLA, Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
QING HU, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
Abstract
Aligning information technology (IT) strategy with business strategy has been one of the top concerns of practitioners and scholars for decades. Despite the documented positive effects of strategic alignment on organizational success, only a few organizations consider themselves in alignment. Although numerous studies exist about how to accomplish IT-business alignment, empirical studies based on strong theories have been rare in the literature. This study attempts to fulfill this gap by proposing and empirically validating a comprehensive strategic alignment model. Drawing on prior literature, we identified five antecedents of alignment; centralization, formalization, shared domain knowledge, successful IT history and relationship management. We further hypothesized that the effects of these antecedents are mediated by two drivers of alignment, which are conceptualized as the level of connection of IT and business planning and the level of communication between IT and business managers. Using survey data and structural equation modeling methodology, we show that both drivers had significant effects on alignment, and the effect of connection is about twice that of communications. Our findings also confirm the effects of all antecedents except centralization. Overall, the main contribution of this study is the development and empirical validation of a comprehensive strategic alignment model, providing a more ample prescriptive insight for managing IT-business strategic alignment.

ECIS2009-0059.R1
MAJOR ISSUES IN SISP: INSIGHTS INTO THE MAIN REASON OF SISP FAILURE
ZIJAD PITA, RMIT University, Building 108, 239 Bourke Street, 2, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
FRANCE CHEONG, RMIT University, Building 108, 239 Bourke Street, , Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
BRIAN CORBITT, RMIT University, Building 108, 239 Bourke Street, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
Abstract
The ‘SISP community’ is an evolving environment, which generally learns from the past. However, the lesson that top management commitment is a key determinant of SISP success has not been learnt. Regardless of the industry type or size, a lack of real commitment from senior management is still the main reason for the SISP formulation and implementation failure. The study introduces the SISP Stakeholders’ Designation construct to analyze commitment and participation of the available SISP resources in the light of maximising success of SISP. Also the association between organisational learning and management commitment to SISP is examined. A postal survey of top management from 260 Australian companies revealed that obtaining high-level stakeholder engagement is critical to SISP success. The study presents optimal roles and level of engagement for the SISP Stakeholders’ Designation. It was found that if every managerial stakeholder’s designation is committed to SISP in all its phases it may result in wasting of valuable time and resources. The findings point to SISP learning reviews as a significant antecedent for managerial commitment to SISP.

ECIS2009-0734.R1
THE ROLE OF STRATEGY IN THE EVOLUTION AND INNOVATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: A SIMULATION EXPERIMENT
KEVIN GALLAGHER, Business Informatics Dep., College of Informatics, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky USA;
BRYAN HOSACK, School of Information Technology, Illinois State University, Campus Box 5150, Normal, Illinois, USA.
Abstract
Information Systems (IS) have come to play a larger role in how organizations function, including consideration in strategic planning. Responding to competitive change or enacting a new strategy often requires modifying or enhancing an organization’s IS.  In this paper, the authors develop a process model of evolutionary change to address the role that IS plays in organizational strategy. The model is based in part on Miles’ strategic typology of Defenders, Prospectors and Analyzers. The model examines how strategic approaches influence attention to environmental change, investments in  IS capabilities, and evolution of information systems.
The behavior observed in the simulations corresponds with the theoretical hypothesis developed from the model.  The conservative defender organization experienced few discontinuous changes in the simulated 20 years.  The innovative prospector organization exhibited extensive change, while the balanced approach of the analyzer organization fell between the two extremes. This study has taken steps to create simulations that approximate the behaviors predicted by a theoretical process model. The success of the simulation modeling in this study builds a foundation for future research

ECIS2009-0393.R1
EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO SOA
PHILIPP OFFERMANN, Deutsche Telekom Laboratories, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7, 10587 Berlin, Germany;
UDO BUB, Deutsche Telekom Laboratories, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
While service-oriented architecture (SOA) as an architectural principle for information systems is gaining momentum in research and industry, the field of methods for designing information systems according to SOA is still poorly developed. However, the implementation of SOA design principles, e.g. service reusability, business alignment and autonomy, demands a methodical approach. In order to overcome the shortcomings of current methods, we have developed the SOA method (SOAM). The method is based on existing methods for SOA. Activities are specified along with roles, techniques, modeling notations and a meta-model. A tool supports all necessary modeling notations as well as the generation of XSD, WSDL and WS-BPEL from the models. The newly developed method has been compared to other methods using a laboratory experiment with students. Different methods have been used on different company scenarios; the results have been recorded using a questionnaire. Results show that according to the evaluated criteria, SOAM together with IBM’s method gets the best scores. With respect to the alignment of the software architecture with business processes, one of the primary goals of SOA, SOAM received a better rating than IBM’s method.

ECIS2009-0612.R1
SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURES: MODELING THE SELECTION OF SERVICES AND PLATFORMS
THOMAS WIDJAJA, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 1, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;
PETER BUXMANN, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 1, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
Abstract 
The Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm promises to facilitate the integration of software services provided by different vendors and thus enables users to benefit from Best-of-Breed solutions. In order to support software architects we present the Multilayer Standardization Problem (MSP) to analyze the trade-off between possibly enhanced utility versus higher assembling costs of Best-of- Breed SOA solutions. We implemented a software prototype to support decision makers during the data input and the subsequent analysis of the solution’s robustness. The MSP for the SOA-case is formulated as a linear 0–1 optimization model and extends the established Standardization Problem (SP) by modeling the user preferences and considering varying granularity as well as integration relationships in addition to communication relationships. These characteristics are common to numerous systems – thus the general MSP can serve as a basis for further research in this field.

ECIS2009-0666.R1
DESIGN FACTORS FOR SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE APPLIED TO ANALYTICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN EXPLORATIVE ANALYSIS
BARBARA DINTER, University of St.Gallen, Institute of Information Management, Müller-Friedberg-Strasse 8, St.Gallen, Switzerland;
FLORIAN STROH, University of St.Gallen, Institute of Information Management, Müller-Friedberg-Strasse 8, St.Gallen, Switzerland.
Abstract
Today’s analytical information systems demand innovative architecture concepts in order to address requirements like flexibility and faster time-to-market. Service-oriented architectures (SOA) as a current trend might meet these challenges. So-called BISOA describes the approach of deploying SOA in Business Intelligence systems. We identified two research questions aiming at finding insights about the interdependencies of BISOA and the organization’s system landscape: What are the dominant design factors of BISOA and what
are the distinct realization approaches of BISOA? The paper answers the questions by means of empirical research. Besides the factor describing the degree of BISOA realization, three further design factors resulted from the analysis: excellence in embedded Business
Intelligence (BI), process orientation, and excellence in data management. Depending on the factors distinct approaches of real-world organizations to deploy SOA in BI systems were derived. These profiles allow us to gain insight which aspects have to be considered besides mainly technical oriented implementation issues for BISOA. Surprisingly, there does not exist such a strong correlation between BISOA and operational BI as often assumed. 

ECIS2009-0297.R1
BID PRICE CONTROL AND DYNAMIC PRICING IN CLOUDS
ARUN ANANDASIVAM, University of Karlsruhe, Englerstr. 14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
MARC PREMM, University of Karlsruhe, Englerstr. 14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Abstract 
The term Cloud Computing represents a paradigm for offering different kind of Web services, which can be dynamically developed, composed and deployed on virtualized infrastructure. This work will extend the concepts known from the revenue management to the specific case of Cloud Computing and propose two models, bid price control and a variant of dynamic pricing, that will compete with the commonly used static pricing. Both models will try to maximize revenues by controlling the availability or price of every offered fare class. The aim is to understand from a Cloud Computing company’s perspective, how decisions about the pricing and the optimal allocation of the given resources for the various Cloud Services can be supported. As expected, simulation results show that an optimally adjusted dynamic pricing model will outperform any pricing model with static prices and will simultaneously contribute to slightly smoother resource utilization in some cases. However, we will see that the adjustment itself is difficult to realize, and if conducted suboptimal, it may also have certain disadvantages compared to static prices. In combination with a reasonable product differentiation, the bid-pricestatic pricing model.

ECIS2009-0381.R1
A MODEL OF PREFERENCE ELICITATION: THE CASE OF DISTRIBUTED RESOURCE ALLOCATION
JOCHEN STÖSSER, Institute of Information Systems & Management, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Englerstr. 14, Karlsruhe, Germany;
DIRK NEUMANN, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Kollegiengebäude II, Platz der Alten Synagoge, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
TIM PÜSCHEL, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Platz der Alten Synagoge, Freiburg, Germany;
Abstract
Market mechanisms are deemed promising for distributed resource allocation settings by explicitly involving users into the allocation process. The market considers the users’ and providers’ valuations to generate efficient resource allocations and prices. In theory, valuations are assumed to be known to the user. In practice, however, this is not the case. It is a complex burden for both users and providers to assess their true valuation for a certain combination of resources and services and to efficiently
communicate this valuation to the market. This paper contributes to the theory of designing distributed allocation models in that (i) we propose a model for preference elicitation, which allows users and providers to assess their valuations as a function of their resource requirements and strategic considerations, (ii) we show how this model can be encoded within so-called bidding agents which interact with the market on behalf of the user, and (iii) we evaluate our approach in a numerical experiment to illustrate how the bidding agent adapts to the dynamic market situation. As this evaluation shows, the model outperforms technical schedulers and can thus be used for
decision support in electronic markets.

ECIS2009-0588.R1
MAKING MONEY WITH CLOUDS: REVENUE OPTIMIZATION THROUGH AUTOMATED POLICY DECISIONS
TIM PÜSCHEL, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Platz der Alten Synagoge, Freiburg, Germany;
ARUN ANANDASIVAM, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), (IISM), Englerstraße 14, Karlsruhe, Germany;
STEFAN BUSCHEK,Universität Karlsruhe (TH), (IISM), Englerstraße 14, Karlsruhe, Germany;
DIRK NEUMANN,Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg,, Platz der Alten Synagoge, Freiburg, Germany.
Abstract
Many existing IT applications exhibit strongly varying demand patterns for resources. Accommodating an ever increasing and highly fluctuating demand requires continuous availability of sufficient resources. To achieve this state at reasonably costs, a high degree of flexibility with respect to the given IT infrastructure is necessary. Facing this challenge the idea of Cloud computing has been gaining interest. In so-called Clouds resources such as CPU, storage and bandwidth can be bundled into a single services, which are offered to Cloud users. These services can be accessed in oblivion of the underlying IT infrastructure. This way Cloud Computing facilitates the introduction of new products and services without large investments in the IT infrastructure.
Cloud Computing is a promising approach with a high impact on business models. One aspect of business models is clearly the revenue model, which defines how prices should be set to achieve predefined revenue level. The decision about accepting or denying requests has a high impact on the revenue of the provider. In this paper we analyze two approaches that support the cloud provider in its decision. We show that predefined policies allow increasing revenue compared to widely used technical models such as first-come-first-serve.

ECIS2009-0488.R1
A TEACHING CASE: TOWARDS BRIDGING DISCIPLINARY DIVIDES IN IT EDUCATION
KAREN NEVILLE, University College Cork; Ireland
MARGARET HEALY, University College Cork; Ireland.
Abstract
Information Technology (IT) now plays a central role in almost all aspects of business.  However to best realise the potential of IT, it is vital that educators adopt strategies that challenge rather than reinforce existing disciplinary divides in IT education and business.  This paper supports the application of active learning, via the use of a serial teaching case, towards bridging disciplinary divides in IT education. Specifically, the case calls for the design, development and implementation of an Integrated Management Information System.  Students are therefore required to demonstrate analytical as well as technical skill-sets in the areas of IT, accounting and business.  The paper describes the business context facing AHN Ltd. and illustrates the pedagogic use of the case as a means of integrating IT with aspects of accounting and business knowledge, towards helping educators contribute to answering the calls from academia (Panko, 2008) and industry (Chan and  Reich, 2007) for graduates with a hybrid of business and IT skill-sets.

ECIS2009-0532.R1
THE ROLE OF TRAINING IN DECREASING ANXIETY AMONG EXPERIENCED COMPUTER USERS
BERTTA SOKURA, Helsinki School of Economics, POBOX 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland;
VIRPI TUUNAINEN, Helsinki School of Economics, POBOX 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland;
ANSSI ÖÖRNI, Helsinki School of Economics, POBOX 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
Surprisingly, in addition to inexperienced computer users, also those who have used different software applications at least to moderate extent can have feelings of anxiety with their use of computers. This paper examines the role of training in decreasing anxiety among experienced computer users. More specifically, the role of training is studied in relation to computer anxiety, behavioral beliefs and self-efficacy, which are the key mental constructs training may impact. 96 adult and university students, who attended a CDL course on voluntary basis, participated in this longitudinal study. The results suggest that training is an effective tool to decrease anxiety and promote self-efficacy even among experienced users. In addition this study calls in the question of the relation of computer anxiety and ease of use.

ECIS2009-0555.R1 - CIBORRA AWARD NOMINEE
THE DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF A RELATIONSHIP MODEL ON SYSTEM USE, JOB LEARNING, AND IMPACT
JERRY CHANG, UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada USA;
REZA TORKZADEH, UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada USA;
ANDREW HARDIN, UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada USA.
Abstract
This exploratory study examined the role of job learning on the relationship between information systems use and impact. Data from 308 end-users were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between systems use, job learning, and technology impact. System use was conceptualized as decision support, work integration, and customer service. Technology impact was conceptualized as effect on management control, task innovation, task productivity, and customer satisfaction. Two sets of hypotheses are presented for these relationships. Results suggest that the pattern of system use significantly and positively influenced job learning. Job learning was found to significantly and positively influence technology impact. We theorize that individuals learned about their job as a result of systems usage. In turn, job learning influenced technology impact. The study findings are discussed.

ECIS2009-0188.R1
THE ENTERPRISES SIMULATION IN SECOND LIFE. THE CASE OF PERTING LTD
LAURA TAMPIERI, Bologna University - Forlì Faculty of Economics, Piazzale della Vittoria 15, 47100 Forlì, Italy.
Abstract
The diffusion of ICT applications in virtual worlds as Second Life (SL), Forterra, There and Multiverse created many interesting research opportunities, particularly in knowledge management and e-learning. Virtual worlds are strongly immersive and produce entrepreneurial and social initiatives in which personal, professional and business relationships move quickly and could be transferred into the real environment.
Enterprises, Municipalities, Universities and Chambers of Commerce are increasing the use of SL enforcing the methodological relevance of networking, a new approach that bases its impact,  for the development of business, on the creation and maintenance of net links.
This paper will consider the case of Perting Ltd, the simulated enterprise created in 2001 by Forlì Faculty of Economics, that established in February 2008 its premises in SL and started managing businesses in different sectors.
The main subject of this analysis is the use of virtual reality in management not only for business but also in research and didactics. In managerial theories the research would be an opportunity for a new perspective to know the symmetries among ICT business platforms and to understand, in a better way, how the learning process could support organizations in their approach to the market of internet relationships.

ECIS2009-0465.R1
WHAT HABBO GOERS DO IN PRACTICE? DECOMPOSING ATTITUDINAL BELIEFS
JANI MERIKIVI, Turku Centre for Computer Science, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Abstract
The popularity of social virtual worlds (SVWs) stems from the proficiency of designing appealing activities. In a volitional use context, hedonic outcomes, such as pleasure and enjoyment, along with social interactivity are fundamental attitudinal beliefs fostering the success of SVW. As such, the attitudinal beliefs affecting attitude toward using SVWs with multiple functions is worth studying. The practitioners should however focus on the actual behavioural success factors beyond using SVWs. Using Habbo as an example, this study paper develops a research framework and examines how attitude toward using SVWs mediates Habbo goers’ attitudinal beliefs on the actual behavioural incentives. Based on a review of prior literature a decomposed theory of planned behaviour suggested by Taylor and Todd (1995) is employed. The research model is tested with data collected from 1225 active Habbo goers. The main findings of the study suggest that while the Habbo goers desire for social interaction within Habbo the construct of attitude toward using the service fails to reflect it. This indicates that following the omission of discovering the proper attitudinal beliefs behind the actual behavioural factors investments may well be lost.

ECIS2009-0728.R1
ON THE EVOLUTION OF ONLINE TOURISM COMMUNITIES - NETWORK BATTLE OR LONG TAIL NICHES?
FELIX-ROBINSON ASCHOFF, Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, CH Zürich, Swizzerland;
GERHARD SCHWABE, Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, Zürich, Swizzerland
Abstract
Even though the emergence or respectively the construction of online communities is of great interest for scientists and community engineers, only few empirical data has been presented on community growth. This article starts with a reflection on possible growth curves of virtual communities. It contrasts a network externality perspective that produces clear winners and losers in a market with a long tail perspective that also allows small niche products to be successful. These considerations are empirically tested with a sample of 74 travel communities whose numbers of registered members were recorded at two measure points. The results show that online travel communities develop into an archetypical long tail. A very small number of communities with exceedingly high numbers of members are accompanied by a vast amount of communities with only few members. An analysis of the long tail, however, reveals that the community tail is not dead but is populated by a large number of especially regional communities that show considerable growth rates

ECIS2009-0553.R1
IT-CONTROLLING IN FEDERAL ORGANIZATIONS
ANDREAS SCHWERTSIK Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany;
PETRA WOLF, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany;
HELMUT KRCMAR, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
Abstract
This paper investigates the characteristics of federal and modular organizations and elicits conclusions on their requirements for IT controlling through a literature review. The literature review showed that different organizational structures create specific conditions concerning IT and IT controlling. Although experience in the regulation and controlling of IT in large and complex organizations has been reorted, the characteristics of these specific organizational conditions and the resulting requirements for the design of an IT controlling concept have not been extensively researched. Creating the missing link between the characteristics of federal and modular organizations and their requirements regarding IT controlling may serve as a foundation for future research and the development of a comprehensive IT controlling concept which encompasses the characteristics and key drivers of this specific organizational form.

ECIS2009-0565.R1
HOW GERMAN HOSPITALS GOVERN IT – AN EMPIRICAL EXPLORATION
FELIX KÖBLER, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany;
JENS FAEHLING, Universität Kassel, Nora Platiel Str. 4., 34127 Kassel, Germany;
JAN MARCO LEIMEISTER, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany;
HELMUT KRCMAR, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
Abstract
Health care services in German hospitals are causing immense expenses. Successful IT Governance might help to support specific challenges for every organization with an adequate use of IT. The market structure of hospitals in Germany is very heterogeneous, e.g. in size and sponsorship. This paper analyses the state of the art of IT Governance based on a survey among 220 IT executives in German hospitals. The quantitative analyses of collected survey data reveal that hospitals govern their IT differently according to size and sponsorship. In addition, our analyses show that decision-making authority for the IT budget rises with hospital size and is positively correlated with the fraction of IT projects in the overall IT budget. We also show that the investments in innovative IT projects increase with hospital size. Our study revealed that a high number of private and larger hospitals lack a systematic IT Governance approach within the decision domain on IT projects. This study is the first to shed light into the empirical situation of IT Governance in German hospitals.

ECIS2009-0736.R1
TOWARDS A SERVICE GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK FOR THE INTERNET OF SERVICES
CHRISTIAN JANIESCH, SAP Research CEC Brisbane, SAP Australia , 52 Merivale Street, South Brisbane, Australia;
MICHAEL NIEMANN, Multimedia Communications Lab, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Merckstr. 25, Darmstadt, Germany;
NICOLAS REPP, Multimedia Communications Lab, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Merckstr. 25, Darmstadt, Germany,.
Abstract
The paradigm of the Internet of Services envisions trade on a global service-enabled internet. Companies, which participate in this new world of services, face the challenges of changing market conditions, new competitive threats, and new legal regulations. Service-oriented Architectures (SOA) provide a promising way to address some of these challenges at the level of the company’s IT infrastructure. In order to guideline an enterprise’s organization and IT and ensure smooth operations, governance frameworks have been established. More specifically, IT Governance and recently SOA Governance have been introduced. The basic structure of IT Governance frameworks is applicable to an SOA. However, they lack functionality or applicability concerning SOA-specific challenges. Current approaches, which focus on mere SOA Governance, lack framework scope and are mostly driven by individual companies. This issue aggravates taking into account the shift to an Internet of Services. We identify key issues and provide initial insights on building blocks for a Service Governance Framework which enables operations for companies in a moderated service network. We discuss service life cycle phases, stakeholder roles, and management processes taking into consideration existing frameworks such as ITIL and CObIT as well as industry-specific approaches from companies such as SAP, Oracle, and HP.

ECIS2009-0251.R1
TEACHING CASE: LEADING THE CHANGE - ERP IMPLEMENTATION AT KEDA
CHI YEUNG FUNG;
YULIN FANG;
HUAI QING WANG.
Abstract
While Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system demand in China has been steadily increasing, many of such implementation projects failed. Keda Industrial Co. Ltd (600986: Shanghai Stock Exchange), a manufacturer of large scale machinery in China, however, was one of the few that successfully deployed its ERP solution in 2005. In this case study, we document the ERP initiative of Keda from its conception to its deployment, study the factors that contributed to its success, and summarize Keda’s practices that substantiated the identified success factors

ECIS2009-0287.R1
FUTURE REQUIREMENTS OF ERP SOFTWARE FROM THE VENDORS’ POINT OF VIEW
NORBERT FRICK, Institute for IS Research, Department of Computer Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitaetsstr. 1, Koblenz, Germany;
PETRA SCHUBERT, Centre for Applied Information and Communication Technologies – CAICT, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Abstract
CIOs and CEOs are confronted with the key question of choosing the right ERP software for their company. The evaluation process tends to be painstaking as the outcome usually affects the competitiveness and thus the future of the company itself. Packaged software has become so powerful in recent years that it fulfils the requirements of companies from different industries after a thorough customization process. Nevertheless, case studies and anecdotal evidence show that in many cases ERP implementation projects are demanding and results do not meet expectations. This leads to the question of whether and how ERP vendors are addressing the perceived problems of ERP users. Is there work in progress that will help facilitate the selection and implementation of ERP packaged software for users? Will there be tools available to adopt ERP modules to the specific business processes of a company and – taking into account that processes are likely to change over time – will there be mechanisms available to adapt the software to changing requirements (in the literature discussed as “agility”)? These are the questions that stimulated an in-depth study of the German-speaking ERP software market. In a qualitative study based on thirty interviews with ERP vendors we draw a picture of the value proposition of future ERP software.

ECIS2009-0314.R1
EXPLORING ANTECEDENTS OF ORGANISATIONAL ADOPTION OF ERP AND THEIR EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF FIRMS
JIWAT RAM, School of Computer and Information Science, University of South Australia, 27 North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia;
MALCOLM PATTINSON School of Computer and Information Science, University of South Australia, 27 North Terrace, Adelaide Australia. 
Abstract
The research aims to address the existing theoretical gap in knowledge on antecedents to organisational adoption stage of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) innovation process, and their relationship to performance of the firms. The predominant focus on investigating the implementation stage and its related issues has resulted in relatively limited understanding of the other stages of ERP innovation process. Additionally, little is known on how important critical success factors (CSFs) are to performance improvements of the firms. Grounded in innovation diffusion & IS Success theories, this study attempts to identify the antecedents critical to the success of the adoption stage of ERP innovation process and then examine their effect on organisational performance . Employing a mixed method research design for data collection and Structural Equation Modelling for analysis, the study empirically test a research model in order to develop an integrated, holistic framework for success of ERP innovation process. This research expects to contribute to the development of theory on innovation process by testing new antecedents to ERP adoption stage context as well as enhancing the understanding of CSFs’ role. The study will also provide recommendations for both the potential adopters and the vendors on successful uptake of ERP system

ECIS2009-0069.R1
THE "FEAR FACTOR" IN CRITICAL CARE TELE-PEDIATRICS
JANIS GOGAN, Bentley University, 175 Forest Street, Waltham MA, USA;
RYAN BAXTER, Bentley University, 175 Forest Street, Waltham MA, USA;
MONICA GARFIELD, Bentley University, 175 Forest Street, Waltham MA, USA.
Abstract
How do emotions affect telemedicine adoption and usage for critical-care episodes? We report on early findings from a grounded theory approach in a multiple-case study of critical care tele- pediatrics (research in progress). Thus far our findings suggest that specialists believe that generalist clinicians at remote “spoke” hospitals are anxious and fearful when performing in a high stress crisis situation involving an acutely ill or gravely injured child, leading to tunneling of attention (overlooking important clinical details). The specialists at tertiary care “hub” hospitals feel they are able to keep an emotional distance from the situation and they also report feeling less anxious because they have had extensive training for these acute care situations. Both emotional distance and higher skill level seem to help the specialists to take in more clinically-relevant information and use this to guide the generalists. The generalists’ fear of negative evaluation by the specialists, or embarrassment in front of other clinicians, may have some impact on their decision to use tele-pediatrics, but does not seem to be a salient concern during critical care episodes. These findings suggest that emotions do play a role in telemedicine use and possibly also in other forms of technology-mediated inter-organizational collaboration...

ECIS2009-0245.R1
CONSUMERS’ ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF PERSONAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEMS: A THEORETICAL MODEL
VAHID ASSADI, McMaster University, DeGroote School of Business,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada ;
KHALED HASSANEIN, McMaster University, DeGroote School of Business,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing trend towards consumer-based healthcare in which consumers are increasingly becoming partners in their own care. One way of accomplishing this is to provide consumers with access to their health records through the use of Personal Health Record (PHR) systems. In spite of their potential benefits, recent research has shown that PHRs are not yet popular or well known to consumers. The overall objective of this research is to investigate the influences of various personal, behavioral, and environmental factors on the adoption and use of PHR systems by Canadian consumers. Drawing on both the information systems and behavioral healthcare literatures such a model is developed and presented. The proposed model will be validated using a longitudinal design over a period of 16 months involving patients from two local clinics.  The study participants will be introduced to an existing PHR system at those clinics. The system will subsequently be made available for their potential use...

ECIS2009-0639.R1
ATTITUDES TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONS
ANN SVENSSON, University West, Department of Economics and IT, S-461 86 Trollhättan, SWEDEN;
ULRIKA SNIS, University West, Department of Economics and IT, S-461 86 Trollhättan, SWEDEN;
PIA SVANBERG, University West, Department of Economics and IT, S-461 86 Trollhättan, SWEDEN;
LARS SVENSSON, University West, Department of Economics and IT, S-461 86 Trollhättan, SWEDEN.
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to explore attitudes towards IT among various categories of health care staff; health care professions. We will identify problem areas that may be the reasons for why different attitudes among different professions at a healthcare organisation exist, and subsequently we will analyse how this may have impact on how to make sense of IT use. The research question is: What factors may explain differences regarding attitudes to IT among different professions in a health care organisation? The paper reports from a particular study of the “NU” healthcare organisation in west Sweden. The results reveal two main problem areas: i) the infrastructural and; ii) the socio-organisational. These are discussed as analytical implications for bridging the gaps between different professions in health care organisations.

ECIS2009-0091.R1
INNOVATIVE CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS: A SINGAPORE IT HEALTCARE CASE STUDY
SAY-YEN TEOH, RMIT University, Building 108, Level 17, 239 Bourke Street Melbourne,  Victoria, Australia; 
SHUN CAI Logistics Institute-Asia Pacific: National University of Singapore, E3A, Level 3, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore.
Abstract 
With the global spending of more than US$4.1 trillion in 2007, healthcare has been one of the largest industries worldwide. To better plan and develop the healthcare system, an effective way is to leverage on the advancement of information technology (IT). However, despite of many attempts in the computerization and automation of healthcare services, most of the healthcare information systems failed to deliver in the era of rising expectations. With respect to this aspect, this study focuses on the success stories of a private-owned hospital in Singapore. We illustrate our lessons learned from this hospital, the Alexandra Hospital, which has successfully innovated a healthcare system setting and making a benchmark standard for the Singapore healthcare industry. By conceptualizing on the generation of innovative capability process, this study complements the scarce innovation literature in the service industry. Theoretical and practical contributions were shared and documented in this paper.

ECIS2009-0106.R1
EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF USER EXPECTATIONS ON SYSTEM USE ACTIVITY
KEE-YOUNG KWAHK Kookmin University, Graduate School of Business IT, 861-1, Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea;
SONG-WOO OH Kookmin University, Graduate School of Business IT, 861-1, Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea,
Abstract
It has been argued that the promising benefits of Enterprise Systems (ES) implementations are overshadowed by their high failure rate. One of the commonly cited reasons for ES implementation failures is the end-user’s unwillingness to adopt or use systems. Considering that the appropriate management of expectations may play an important role in forming positive behavior toward newly
implemented systems, this study examines the effect of outcome expectations on the system use activity in the mandatory-use context of information systems (IS) from the perspectives of Social Cognitive Theory and Coping Theory. Structural equation model analysis using LISREL 8.7 provides significant support for the proposed relationships. The empirical results suggest that outcome expectations and user satisfaction have positive effects on system use activity conceptualized by immersion, reinvention, and learning. Theoretical and practical implications of the study shed some light on how to improve system use activity in the mandatory-use context of IS.

ECIS2009-0428.R1
THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE COMMENTARY ON USERS’ INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE CONTEXT OF ONLINE DISCUSSION FORUMS
SUNGHUN CHUNG, Business School, Heogiro 87, Supex Building, 2307, Seoul, Korea;
YEOSUN YOON, Business School, Heogiro 87, Supex Building, 2307, Seoul, Korea;
INGOO HAN, Business School, Heogiro 87, Supex Building, 2307, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
Online discussion forum, which plays an important role in online criticism, provides useful information such as online commentaries generated by other users. The paper uses regulatory focus theory to explain how online commentaries are processed differently depending on the user’s information processing style and how each self-regulatory mode moderates the impact of online commentaries on one’s overall evaluation of information. The study produces three major findings: (1) Promotion-focused users are more likely to distort online information than prevention-focused users do, (2) With hedonic information, information distortion will be stronger for promotion-focused users as compared to prevention-focused users, (3) With utilitarian information, information distortion will be stronger for prevention-focused people as compared to promotion-focused users. These finding have implications for online discussion forums in terms of how to manage users effectively and also how to prevent unintended criticism.

ECIS2009-0601.R1
THE APPLICATION OF A PHENOMENOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS USER EXPERIENCE WITH MUSEUM TECHNOLOGIES
JESSIE PALLUD, CESAG Research Center, EM Strasbourg Business School, 61 Avenue de la Forêt Noire, Strasbourg Cedex, France. 
Abstract
Providing visitors with a valuable experience of the past has become a crucial mission for cultural heritage institutions. The experience of the past is one where visitors understand the museum’s communications about the meaning of artefacts and where visitors undertake an active role in interpretation and reflection on the past. Several studies promote technologies as a good way for museums to reenergize their relationships with their visitors. But even as some research has concentrated more and more on visitor experiences, this work has neither particularly stressed on visitors’ experience of the past nor on their evaluation of museum technologies with respect to their potential for engendering a better experience of the past.
Monod and Klein (2005) elaborated a phenomenological framework with six criteria to evaluate IT used in the cultural heritage. Since it has not been empirically “validated” yet, the objective of this paper is to employ these criteria with samples of users of museum technologies and in the process determine whether these criteria can be met by IT.
Our field study indicates that technologies available in museums positively contribute to an experience of the past.

ECIS2009-0530.R1
VALUE POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES OF SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURES - A USER AND VENDOR PERSPECTIVE
ALEXANDER BECKER, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 1, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;
PETER BUXMANN, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 1, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;
THOMAS WIDJAJA, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 1, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
Abstract
This article summarizes the results of 25 expert interviews, regarding the value potential and challenges of the Service-oriented Architecture (SoA) paradigm for users and software vendors. On the user side, the SoA value potential most often mentioned by experts was agility, followed by process optimization. Cost reduction, through a more efficient development, or consolidation of redundant IS landscapes are also seen as a value potential. In contrast to the literature, reuse of services seems not that significant and is highly debated among the experts. In order to realize the value potentials, users have to overcome certain challenges. Here, the experts mention the financing of the investments, the setting up of a proper governance and the creation of a common understanding of the SoA paradigm as biggest hurdles. For the software vendors, experts mention that SoA-based solutions create new market opportunities as lock-in-effects are lowered and offerings can be easier enhanced by third-party services. Regarding cost, there is potential to harmonize existing product portfolios or integrate acquisitions more easily. Development cost reduction is less evident at the current stage of adoption. It is assumed that lower lock-in effects also lead to increased competition, which could become a major challenge especially for established vendors.

ECIS2009-0645.R1
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ALIGNMENT OF SOA DEVELOPMENT WITH BUSINESS OBJECTIVES
JARI ANTIKAINEN,Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland,
SAMULI PEKKOLA Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland,;
Abstract
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has gained focus as a driver for bridging and aligning business and IT-oriented views in information system development. The critical aspect of successful SOA is aligning technology and business; without proper alignment, the full potential of SOA will not be achieved. The current academic literature includes only few empirical studies on business-IT alignment aspects related to SOA adoption. In this exploratory study we explore factors influencing successful SOA implementation. We interview IT and business people from nine organisations appearing as SOA forerunners in Finland. Our findings indicate that successful SOA adoption is affected by several factors varying from organisation culture to processes and methods, communication and technology. The findings form a basis for future SOA research and a set of guidelines for practitioners.

ECIS2009-0662.R1
IMPACT OF SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURES (SOA) ON BUSINESS PROCESS STANDARDIZATION – PROPOSING A RESEARCH MODEL
DANIEL BEIMBORN, University of Bamberg, Feldkirchenstraße 21, 96052 Bamberg, Germany;
NILS JOACHIM, University of Bamberg, Feldkirchenstraße 21, 96052 Bamberg, Germany;
BJOERN MUENSTERMANN, University of Bamberg, Feldkirchenstraße 21, 96052 Bamberg, Germany.
Abstract
What is the impact of a Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) on the efficiency and effectiveness of business process standardization (BPS)? The contribution of this paper is the development of a research model around the impact of SOA on BPS in terms of achieving fundamental efficiency and flexibility potentials while covering both the business layer and the IT layer of the firm. Drawing on an accepted and widespread enterprise architecture model, we derive propositions that explain why and how SOA’s characteristics help to standardize business processes and how the interplay between SOA and BPS leads to an increased overall business value. Additional moderator arguments, such as the level of service granularity, the centrality of SOA governance, or Business IT alignment to the research model as critical success factors of achieving business value of SOA.  

ECIS2009-0064.R1
THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW FORM OF IS OFFSHORE ENTERPRISE – THE MODERN HETERARCHY
BRIAN GANNON, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK;
DAVID WILSON, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK,
Abstract
This paper describes how IS offshoring organisations are changing in response to increased globalisation of the practice of software development.  It posits the emergence of a new form of multi-national enterprise (MNE), described in this paper as a ‘modern heterarchy’, from the construct of the heterarchy originally developed by Gunnar Hedlund in 1986.  The paper draws on theoretical antecedents in the discipline of international business studies, and is supported by empirical data gathered from two extended case studies of offshore IS projects.  The research uses grounded theory techniques for the collection and analysis of data, and has particular value for IS practitioners in offshore IS MNEs.

ECIS2009-0451.R1
INTERNAL MARKETS AS A SOURCING OPTION FOR THE DELIVERY OF IS SERVICES: IMPROVING OUTSOURCING AND INSOURCING
JACQUES BULCHAND-GIDUMAL, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Facultad de CC.EE. y Empresariales, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Las Palmas, Spain.
Abstract
The delivery of IS services is very resource consuming in all organizations. In an era in which management optimization is one of the bases for competitive advantage, sourcing options must be judged carefully. Traditionally, the dilemma has been considered in terms of make (insourcing) or buy (outsourcing). But both of these options have shown a certain amount of problems. Although outsourcing has allowed firms to concentrate on their core competencies, it has also shown several issues that prove it is not a panacea. Insourcing, on the other hand, does not allow a great deal of flexibility and we also find that it is every time more frequent that firms do not want their amount of staff to grow. Between both options, the internal mechanism has arisen. Its use entitles the creation of an intermediate society between the organization and the market. This article shows two cases of organizations from different environments in which the sourcing process involved the creation of an intermediate organization to act as the described buffering mechanism. Both processes were related to the IS/ICT function, one in Spain and another one in Italy. The study of the two cases has helped us identify and confirm empirically a number of features achieved by this internal mechanism use.

ECIS2009-0584.R1
SOURCING AND AUTOMATION DECISIONS IN FINANCIAL VALUE CHAINS
MATTHIAS HENNEBERGER, FIM Research Center Finance & Information Management, University of Augsburg, Germany;
ARNE KATZMARZIK, FIM Research Center Finance & Information Management, University of Augsburg, Germany;
STEPHAN MÜLLER, FIM Research Center Finance & Information Management, University of Augsburg, Germany;
FRANS-MATTHIS PLEIE, FIM Research Center Finance & Information Management, University of Augsburg, Germany.
Abstract
As information-based processes are usually independent of the location or even the processor, they can be oftentimes either automated or relocated to foreign sites to profit from differences in wages. Both strategies bear enormous micro-economic potential in terms of cost savings. However, with the main focus on cost reduction, risk due to the uncertain development of effective labor costs or future transaction volumes are oftentimes either inadequately considered or neglected. This systematically leads to false decisions, in particular since the two strategies – relocation and automation – result in different risk profiles. In this paper, we analyze the conditions for automating or relocating parts of business processes and propose a decision model that suggests a risk/return efficient allocation to the alternatives. In particular, we consider how uncertainties of effective labor costs and transaction volumes influence the decision. As shifting tasks to other locations has effects on the workload at the original location, we also take into account costs for social effects. The practicability of our approach is demonstrated with an example that is based on real data of a major financial services provider.

ECIS2009-0438.R1
TOWARDS OPERATIONAL RISK-AWARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS: A CRITICAL REALIST PERSPECTIVE
KRISTIAN ROTARU, Monash University, Dep. of Accounting & Finance, 900 Dandenong Rd, Caulfield East, Victoria, Australia;
CARLA WILKIN, Monash University, Dep. of Accounting & Finance, 900 Dandenong Rd, Caulfield East, Victoria, Australia;
ANDRZEJ CEGLOWSKI, Monash University, Dep. of Accounting & Finance, 900 Dandenong Rd, Caulfield East, Victoria, Australia;
LEONID CHURILOV, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
Following calls to enhance risk-sensitivity of second generation Operational Risk-Aware Information Systems (ORISs), this paper aims to address the lack of ontological/epistemological grounding for the concept of Operational Risk (OR). Herein, OR is regarded both as a property of a real system and as a representational phenomenon forming part of the core of ORIS in line with Weber’s (2003) view of the core of IS. The paper explores how the ontological/epistemological position of the Critical Realist philosophy of science assists in the Requirements Definition of ORISs by providing an ontology-driven representation of the heterogeneous nature of OR. The retroductive mode of logical inference enabled by Critical Realism supports the discovery of OR causal mechanisms when the historical data about operational loss events is limited. The ontological/epistemological position suggested in the paper contributes to better understanding and representation of OR, informs OR assessment in conditions of a constantly changing socio-economical environment, and so assists in the Requirements Definition of ORISs.

ECIS2009-0652.R1
WHY RISK MANAGEMENT MATTERS IN IT OUTSOURCING – A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW.
BENEDIKT MARTENS, University of Osnabrueck, Katharinenstr. 1, Osnabrueck, Germany;
FRANK TEUTEBERG, University of Osnabrueck, Katharinenstr. 1, Osnabrueck, Germany.
Abstract
In this paper, we present a systematic literature review in the field of IT Outsourcing with a focus on risk management. The source material of the review consists of 97 high quality journal articles published in 18 journals between 2001 and September 2008. Besides an analysis of related work, this review provides an overview of applied research methods and theories in the field of IT Outsourcing. The articles are then analyzed from a risk management point of view to highlight key risk factors and their specific impact on IT Outsourcing. Identified risk factors are further analyzed in order to assign each risk factor to the phases of a typical IT Outsourcing process (life-cycle). The results of the review show that empirical research is the most applied method and that action research and reference modeling have not been used at all so far. Furthermore, elements of a research agenda are discussed in order to determine further steps to the construction of a reference model for risk management in IT Outsourcing. This paper mainly aims at an audience of experienced researchers in the field of IT Outsourcing who are looking for research ideas and at junior scientists (e.g. PhD students) entering this emerging field of research.

ECIS2009-0672.R1
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRUST AND CONTROL IN IT OUTSOURCING RELATIONSHIPS
DANIEL BEIMBORN, Dep. of Information Systems and Services, University of Bamberg, Feldkirchenstr. 21, Bamberg, Germany;
FRANK SCHLOSSER, Dep. of Information Systems and Services, University of Bamberg, Feldkirchenstr. 21, Bamberg, Germany;
TIM WEITZEL, Dep. of Information Systems and Services, University of Bamberg, Feldkirchenstr. 21, Bamberg, Germany.
Abstract
What is the role of control in maintaining trust in outsourcing relationships? Although the literature is quite rich on conceptualizing the relationship between control and trust in inter-organizational relationships, there exist quite sparse quantitative works which help to evaluate the models developed. In this paper, we analyze data from 156 IT outsourcing relationships of German banks in order to get insights into the actual relationships between different modes of control and the level of relational trust in these relationships. Additionally, we examine the role of service quality (measured in terms of reliability and responsiveness) in this context. The results show that trust is positively related with most modes of control, and that there is indicative evidence that control supports trust in high-service quality situations while it leads to a reduction of trust in relationships suffering from bad service quality (cycle of trust vs. distrust). 

ECIS2009-0655.R1
THE ICT CONVERGENCE DISCOURSE IN THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LITERATURE – A SECOND-ORDER OBSERVATION
JAN HERZHOFF,  London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK,.
Abstract
The idea of ICT Convergence is used by many practitioners and observers - such as economists, politicians, journalists, and academics - as an important descriptor for technological change. However, a review of previous work in this field suggests that, despite more than 30 years of research on ICT Convergence, the theoretical basis of the concept of convergence is still under-researched. In particular in the IS literature, the concept has been either relegated to the sidelines or taken for granted without further reflection. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the idea of ICT Convergence from an IS perspective is needed. This paper aims to explore how the discourse of convergence is being shaped in the IS literature. In order to address this question, 317 articles published in ten leading IS journals from 1998 to 2008 have been examined. This study has been built around a Grounded Theory approach informed by
Niklas Luhmann's Theory of Distinction.  The findings show that convergence cannot be viewed as a single concept. Five archetypes of
"convergence communication" are identified, and a conceptualization of ICT Convergence as a double process between alignment and interoperability is suggested. The main limitation of this paper is the focus on leading IS journals.

ECIS2009-0708.R1
RESEARCH 2.0: IMPROVING PARTICIPATION IN ONLINE RESEARCH COMMUNITIES
ELAINE FERNELEY, Salford Business School, Maxwell Building, The Crescent, Salford, M5 4WT, UK,;
ALEKSEJ HEINZE, Salford Business School, Maxwell Building, The Crescent, Salford, M5 4WT, UK,;
PAUL CHILD, Virtual Surveys Ltd, Faulkner House, Faulkner Street, M1 4DY, UK.
Abstract 
Web 2.0 thinking and technologies create a number of new opportunities to conduct research broadly labeled as Research 2.0. Research 2.0 is a growing area of academic and commercial interest, which includes research undertaken in online research communities. This research in progress paper explores the practice of online research communities using a case study example operated by the commercial market research company Virtual Surveys Limited (VSL) in the UK on behalf of their client United Biscuits UK Ltd.  The preliminary findings are based on VSL and academics working together to improve the online research community participants’ response rate and the quality of contributions. Data collected for this study is based on meetings, participant observation, and a pilot survey of United Biscuits online research community (snackrs.com) members.  Using the responses of 112 snackrs.com community members, a preliminary typology of motivational factors is proposed. This can be used to refine the recruitment and development of activities in an online research community. Also, a model for supporting online research communities to ensure longitudinal engagement based on an adaptation of Salmon’s (2004) 5 Stage Model for e-moderation is proposed, extending the 5 stages to 7 – adding the stages of selection and disengagement

ECIS2009-0748.R1
THE NOTION OF PROCESS PERSPECTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH
ANDREW BASDEN, RIS, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, U.K.
Abstract
Much IS research brings a priori theoretical constructs to its domain of study, and this can generate distorted outcomes. To avoid this danger, IS research should be 'lifeworld-oriented'. Characteristics of the lifeworld are drawn from philosophy and applied to examples of IS research. Surprisingly, both positivist and critical research can be both theorizing and lifeworld-oriented, though in different ways. A proposal is then made for 'lifeworld-oriented IS research', which, by taking into account the lifeworlds of both researcher and researched, can make IS research richer and more relevant. Keywords Information systems research, lifeworld, diversity and coherence, meaning and norms, background shared knowledge. 

ECIS2009-0375.R1
INTERNET SOCIAL NETWORKIN INVESTIGATE MEDIA USE: THE LAYERING PROCESS PERSPECTIVE
NABILA BOUKEF CHARKI, Nabila, ESDES Business School, Catholic University of Lyon, 23 Place Carnot, 69 286 Lyon, France;
MICHEL KALIKA, Ecole de Management Strasbourg, Université Robert Schuman, 61 av de la forêt noire, 67085 Strasbourg, France.
Abstract 
Managers spend much of their time communicating and use an ever-larger range of communication tools for the purpose. Empirical studies have shown that while ICT tools extend communication opportunities, they do not replace other means of communication. Instead, managers use a set of communication tools in which traditional media coexist alongside ICT tools.  In addition, studying the use of just one medium fails to give us a full picture of managerial communication. To gain a better understanding, we need to examine how a range of different means of communication are used. To this end, we conducted a case study in a car manufacturing company with data mainly collected through interviews with 36 managers. Our analysis of the data showed that managers use a set of communication tools that form superposed layers, each new ICT being layered over the existing media. Far from being the result of individual-level rational use, this layering process is socially constructed by the different users depending on their context. Our study identified three forms of layering, namely “subject to constraint”, “planned and emergent”, or “chosen”. We argue that these differences in the layering process can help explain disparities in the outcomes of ICT adoption between organisations

ECIS2009-0647.R1
INTERNET SOCIAL NETWORKING – DISTINGUISHING THE PHENOMENON FROM ITS MANIFESTATIONS IN WEB SITES
DANIEL RICHTER, University of Liechtenstein, Fürst-Franz-Josef-Straße, FL-9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein;
KAI RIEMER,  (ERCIS), University of  Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
JAN VOM BROCKE, University of Liechtenstein, Fürst-Franz-Josef-Straße, FL-9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein;
STEFAN GROSSE BÖCKMANN. University of Liechtenstein, Fürst-Franz-Josef-Straße, FL-9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein
Abstract 
Social Networking Sites (SNS) are one of the most popular business models on the Internet at the moment. At the same time, Social Networking is increasingly interesting as a topic of research in Information Systems. Drawing on existing research in the field, in this paper we propose to distinguish ISN (Internet Social Networking) as a phenomenon from its concrete manifestations in the various SNSs in the marketplace. On the basis of this distinction we take to the classification of SNSs grounded in real-life marketplace variety. In doing so, we identify seven different classes of SNSs. We argue that a typology of SNSs is useful for shaping our understanding of the diverse nature of ISN as existing in concrete manifestations. Most importantly, our classification makes accessible existing research for conceptually sound meta-analysis research. In order to fully grasp the phenomenon of ISN we also propose to include in the definition web sites that feature only certain aspects of ISN, while networking is not their core feature. Using our classification we discuss future research directions.

ECIS2009-0536.R1 
CRIMINALISING FANTASIES: THE REGULATION OF VIRTUAL CHILD PORNOGRAPHY
MARIE ENEMAN, University of Gothenburg, Sweden;
ALISDAIR GILLESPIE, De Montfort University, UK;
BERND CARSTEN STAHL, De Montfort University, UK.
Abstract
Law enforcement agencies are currently concerned with the increasing availability of virtual child pornography. Virtual child pornography refers to computer-generated images where no real child is involved, but which nevertheless raise important ethical and legal issues. There is an ongoing debate whether the possession of virtual child pornography should be criminalised. As this paper will show the criminalisation of such images is a controversial issue with arguments for and against making it a criminal offence. This paper aims to contribute to the debate by offering a definition of virtual child pornography and considering the legal and policy arguments that are put forward as justifications for the regulation of such material. This paper contributes to the theoretical field of critical information systems research by highlighting how the main interest of critical research, namely emancipation can be furthered or hindered by legal developments. We will explore how the idea of emancipation can be applied in the area of virtual child pornography. Furthermore the paper aims to contribute to the debate of this topical issue and thereby support policy developments on a national and international level.  

ECIS2009-0084.R1
A SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF THE CO-AUTHORSHIP NETWORK OF THE AUSTRALASIAN CONFERENCE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS FROM 1990 TO 2006
FRANCE CHEONG, RMIT University, School of Business IT, 239 Bourke Street, Melbourne 3001, Australia;
BRIAN CORBITT, RMIT University, School of Business IT, 239 Bourke Street, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
Abstract
Using bibliographic data extracted from an Endnote database, social network analysis techniques were used to generate and analyse a network of co-authors with the aim of developing an understanding of the research community that produces the research knowledge published by the Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS). The ACIS community was found to be a healthy small-world community that kept evolving in order to provide an environment that supports collaboration and sharing of ideas between researchers. It was also found that, unlike a similar analysis of the European Conference (ECIS), the Australasian scene was not dominated by a couple of key researchers as quite a significant number of popular researchers were identified.

ECIS2009-0710.R1
USING INTERPRETIVE STRUCTURAL MODELING TO UNCOVER SHARED MENTAL MODELS IN IS RESEARCH
SHIVRAJ KANUNGO, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA;
VIKAS JAIN, University of Tampa, Florida, USA.
Abstract
The role of grounded approaches has been advocated for long in IS research. However, the inherent subjectivity of such approaches and the apparent lack of a basis to validate or even replicate such research has often been the subject of debate among IS researchers. As a result, many IS researchers tend to fall back on variance-theoretic approaches to conceptualize, design and operationalize their research. In this paper, we show how a grounded approach, interpretive structural modeling (ISM), can be used to qualitatively elicit individual cognitive structures. Further, we show how it can be applied to derive the shared aspects of such a structure across many individuals. We use the well-known technology acceptance model (TAM) to demonstrate the utility of our approach. We conclude the paper by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.

ECIS2009-0743.R1
THE SIGNIFICANT OTHERS OF SUBJECTIVE NORM SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY OF SUBJECTIVE NORM IN IS TOP-JOURNALS OVER TWO DECADES
ANDREAS ECKHARDT, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Centre of Human Resources Information Systems, Grueneburgplatz 1, Frankfurt a. Main, Germany. 
Abstract 
Undoubtedly social influence in IS research is an issue that needs to be much more clearly examined. In order to assuage the wants for more research in this field we conducted a scientometric analysis of subjective norm in the IS top-journals of the JAIS ranking for the last two decades. In total 113 empirical and conceptual research models predominately in adoption research contained the factor subjective norm. The results revealed that subjective norm is just in seven of ten models a significant antecedent. To gain more knowledge about this problem we followed the ideas of social psychology and marketing researchers and correlated the strength of the impact of subjective norm with its measurement as well as the impact of intention with the impact on other endogenous variables. The
results show a significant negative correlation between the significant antecedent subjective norm and its original measurement, the perceived opinion of important others. Furthermore it revealed a significant negative correlation between the significant impact of subjective norm on intention and the significant impact on other endogenous variables.

ECIS2009-0199.R1
A SAD STORY: THE CASE OF CONSTRAINED INFRASTRUCTURES CAUSED BY IT
STEFAN HENNINGSSON, Center for Applied ICT, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
HELLE HENRIKSEN, Center for Applied ICT, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Abstract
Customs is one domain which has faced the need for information systems in a globalizing world. In customs there is a need for close collaboration between business and government in order to build robust technological infrastructures supporting processes related to export and import of goods. This has led to a move towards eCustoms. This case study reports from a longitudinal study of a Danish exporter which has faced the challenges of implementing eCustoms in its daily operations. The introduction of eCustoms to replace the existing customs infrastructure based on the Single Administrative Document (SAD) has led to new challenges for the Danish exporter such as de-standardized procedures and increased reporting. The particular contribution of the study is the observed longing to the “good old paper-based days” where things were more standardized than after the digitalization of the processes. The study is interpreted through the lens of “double infrastructures”. The underlying assumption guiding the study is that eCustoms represents one
infrastructure on top of another well established infrastructure of global trade

ECIS2009-0436.R1
CONTRIBUTION OF INTERNET TO A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY
ABRAR HAIDERSchool of Computer and Information Science, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA, Australia.
Abstract 
Equitable information access and freedom of expression are viewed as essential aspects of a truly democratic society, whereby all citizens are kept informed and enlightened. A natural extension of this ideal is the human need and desire to communicate and exchange information with others. With the advent of the internet, and extraordinary growth in information and communication technologies in recent years, more information than ever before is made freely available and easily shared. Information is now available in a plethora of digital formats and can be exchanged across time zones, countries and groups in seconds, and this makes communicating and connecting easier and more efficient. This paper discusses the role of free flow of information through internet in shaping democratic values. This paper discusses the role of internet as a democratic tool that allows significant benefits for society at large in a dynamic global environment. It concludes that internet’s contribution to democracy has not fully matured and its potential to revitalize democracy and outweigh potential for oppression and control is a dynamic and multifaceted issue in the global environment. Internet, however, has a passive rather than active role in a democratic society. It, thus, influences only those who interact with it.

ECIS2009-0399.R1
BARRIERS FOR TRANSFORMATION: IMPEDIMENTS FOR TRANSFORMING THE PUBLIC SECTOR THROUGH E-GOVERNMENT
ANNE FLEUR VAN VEENSTRA, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands,
BRAM KLIEVINK  Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands;
MARIJN JANSSEN,  Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands.
Abstract
In the past decades many e-government initiatives have been introduced. Currently, attention is shifting towards enhancing the effectiveness of these initiatives by improving service delivery through organizational transformation. This is called Transformational Government and is often regarded as the next step in the development of electronic government, in which unique cross-organizational
processes for customer service request are created. However, the creation of such service processes is cumbersome and even those organizations that have realized successful online service delivery are often hindered in their efforts to achieve transformational aspects such as service orientation and a networked organizational structure. As there is little insight in the barriers that organizations encounter on their path to Transformational Government, this research investigates those barriers by looking at two case studies that have made efforts to transform. The barriers we found include a lack of knowledge about necessary changes, a lack of change in the organization structure and the absence of a transformational mindset.

ECIS2009-0066.R1
UNPACKING MULTICULTURALISM IN THE ICT WORKPLACE: DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO WORKPLACE SITUATIONS FOR ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING BACKGROUNDS.
DEBORAH RICHARDS, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia;
PETER BUSCH, Peter, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
Abstract
Multiculturalism is one of the many factors contributing to the growing diversity found within the workforce comprising today’s organizations. This is particularly true in the ICT workplace. Diversity is often investigated in the context of teams and global organizations seeking to improve knowledge management and/or innovation strategies and practices. Understanding the role that culture plays in a multicultural society is complex, understudied and not well understood. Past studies into identifying and comparing different national cultures are difficult to apply to the multicultural context. Even the operationalisation of the culture construct can be problematic or impractical when many ethnic minorities exists. One approach commonly used in Australia is the categorization of individuals and groups into English (or Anglo) background and Non-English Speaking Background (NESB). In this paper we use these categories to investigate if differences can be found in the way in which individuals in these two cohorts respond to workplace situations.

ECIS2009-0163.R1
AN INVESTIGATION OF HOW CULTURE IMPACTS GLOBAL WORK: UNPACKING THE LAYERS OF CULTURE
DONALD CHAND, Bentley University, IPM Department, 175 Forest Street, Waltham, MA 02452, USA;
GARY DAVID, Bentley University, IPM Department, 175 Forest Street, Waltham, MA 02452, USA;
ROBERT GALLIERS, Bentley University, Provost Office, 175 Forest Street, Waltham, MA 02452, USA;
SENTHIL KUMAR, Icfai University, Management Department, Hyderabad, India.
Abstract
One manifestation of today’s globalization is a new type of work environment where employees who are living in different parts of the world regularly engage in collaborative activity. Because these workers are socialized in different cultural environments, an important research issue is how to understand workers behaviors and effectively manage in this global workplace were workers communicate on a daily basis but do not meet each other and may not even know the life styles of their team members.  Based on an ethnographic analysis of GLOBALIS, a multinational firm in the financial sector with IT solution centers in the US, Ireland and India, this paper presents a conceptual model of how culture was impacting the behaviors of global teams at GLOBALIS. In this model the behaviors of globally team members is primarily governed by corporate norms, project requirements and workplace culture.  National culture, which has been identified in cross-cultural research as a key factor in global work, is just one of many demographic variables like age, education, professional standards, inter-relationships among sites, etc. that impact workplace culture. Thus, this paper reinforces the current multi-faceted view of culture as a set of forces that impact values and behaviors and it also clarifies some of the clouded opinions on whether or how national culture differences impact today’s globally distributed work.

ECIS2009-0157.R1
COPING WITH CULTURAL AND MATURITY INEQUALITY IN OFFSHORE OUTSOURCING: IS MINIMIZING INTERACTION THE SOLUTION?
MORTEN HERTZUM , Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Building 43.2, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark,
JAN PRIES-HEJE, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Building 43.2, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Abstract
Many companies consider and undertake outsourcing of their software-development activities. Often information systems development is outsourced to vendors in different cultures or with a different level of software-process maturity. Recommendations for managing such outsourcing arrangements typically involve that client and vendor should increase interaction, learn more about the culture of the other part, communicate more, form partnerships, and the like. We have studied a client that did the opposite with a successful outcome. Based on a case study we lay out the story of how interaction between client and vendor on purpose was minimized. What mechanisms were used? What worked and what did not? We conclude that minimizing interaction can be a viable strategy to follow when clients face large cultural and maturity inequality in offshoring their software-development activities

ECIS2009-0282.R1
TRACKING BASED PRODUCT AUTHENTICATION: CATCHING INTRUDERS IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN
NINA OERTEL, SAP Research CEC Karlsruhe, Vincenz-Priessnitz Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Abstract
Product counterfeiting is a growing problem worldwide, threatening the health of consumers and reducing company profits. By detecting and intercepting counterfeits before they reach the customer, the problem can be mitigated. In this paper, an approach to detect counterfeit items based on their claimed history is presented.  The necessary data is provided by tracking infrastructures that enable the recording and retrieval of movements of individual items in the supply chain based on unique identifiers assigned to products. If the movement history of an item deviates from the movements of genuine items that have been learned before, a warning about a potential counterfeit is issued. Counterfeiter activities that are possible in a tracking enabled environment are modelled and the
capability of the proposed approach to detect these strategies is assessed.

ECIS2009-0382.R1
STORING DATA ON RFID TAGS: A STANDARDS-BASED APPROACH
CHRISTOPH TRIBOWSKI, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Spandauer Str. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany;
KARSTEN SPIN, OSR Computertechnik & Consulting, Heidenfeldstr. 12, 10249 Berlin, Germany;
OLIVER GUENTHER, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Spandauer Str. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany;
OLAF SIELEMANN, OSR Computertechnik & Consulting, Am Querfeld 11, 33689 Bielefeld, Germany.
Abstract
The potential of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for increasing supply chain efficiency has been repeatedly stressed by practitioners and researchers alike. The cross-company usage of RFID applications can only work if the collaborating companies agree on the syntax and semantic used. EPCglobal, an international industry consortium, has specified a stack of specifications that enable a
standardized identifier to be stored on the RFID tag and all object related data to be kept on the network. Such a standardized concept does not yet exist to store object related data on RFID tags. To minimize the coordination effort as well as the emerging interoperability or integration problems and, therefore, also guarantee wide-spread adoption of the data-on-tag approach, it is advisable to build on existing standards for the storage of data on RFID tags. In this paper, we recommend applying the ISO 13584 standard for parts libraries (PLIB). We conceptualize how to use ISO 13584 to store data on RFID tags and use a case study on a kitchen furniture manufacturer, which uses RFID tagged components in a cross-company application with its suppliers, to develop a scenario for the storage of data on RFID tags.

ECIS2009-0580.R1 - CIBORRA AWARD NOMINEE
P2P ARCHITECTURE FOR UBIQUITOUS SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEMS
NINA SCHOENEMANN, University of Cologne, Pohligstrasse 1, 50969 Koeln, Germany;
KAI FISCHBACH, University of Cologne, Pohligstrasse 1, 50969 Koeln, Germany;
DETLEF SCHODER, University of Cologne, Pohligstrasse 1, 50969 Koeln, Germany.
Abstract
Ubiquitous information technologies like RFID allow for immediate, extensive and fine-grained capture of real world information. Scalable and efficient networks for exchange of this vast amount of information amongst companies are crucial for the economic exploitation of benefits of ubiquitous information technologies. Existing networks bear several limitations like risks of single-point-of-
failures or bottlenecks, unequally distributed power and burdens as well as inflexibility through stringent structures and formats. In particular there is a need for improving the scalability of solutions and ensuring autonomy of network participants. In this paper we introduce a Peer-to-Peer-based architecture for exchanging distributed information, which are shared among participants of a supply
chain facilitated with ubiquitous information technologies. This architecture builds on the well-established EPCglobal standards, but can be implemented as an autonomous network. Unlike other architectures it does not need central coordination mechanisms, because it is based on self-organizing Peer-to-Peer protocols. We argue that our architecture supports business processes especially of small and medium-sized enterprises better than other architectures. We provide a discussion about requirements for solutions and a simulation-based analysis of the proposed architecture

ECIS2009-0585.R1 - BEST PAPER NOMINEE
TOWARDS A REFERENCE MODEL FOR GRASSROOTS ENTERPRISE MASHUP ENVIRONMENTS
KATARINA STANOEVSKA-SLABEVA, University of St. Gallen & SAP Research St. Gallen, Switzerland;
VOLKER HOYER, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Abstract
A new kind of Web-based application, known as Enterprise Mashups, has gained momentum in the last years: Business users with no or limited programming skills are empowered to leverage in a collaborative manner user friendly building blocks and to combine and reuse existing Web-based resources within minutes to new value added applications in order to solve an individual and ad-hoc business problem. Current discussions of the Mashup paradigm in the scientific community are limited on technical aspects. The collaboration and the peer production management aspects of the Mashup development have received less attention yet. In this paper, we propose a reference model for Enterprise Mashups which provides a foundation to develop and to analyse grassroots Enterprise Mashup environments from a managerial and collaborative perspective. By following the design science research approach, we investigate existing reference models and leverage the St. Gallen Media Reference Model (MRM). The development of Enterprise Mashups is structured by market transaction phases similar to electronic markets. The user roles, the necessary processes and the resulting services are modelled according to the views of the MRM. By means of the SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace prototype we demonstrate the application of the designed reference model for grassroots Enterprise Mashups environments.

ECIS2009-0594.R1
HOW FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH INFLUENCE ERP SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION COSTS.
BJÖRN JOHANSSON, Copenhagen Business School, Center for Applied ICT, Howitzvej 60,  DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
FRANTISEK SUDZINA, Copenhagen Business School, Center for Applied ICT, Howitzvej 60,  DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Abstract
Different approaches on how to implement or deploy enterprise resource planning (ERPs) systems exist. Although virtually nobody really doubts importance of ERPs for running a business today, there is a sentiment regarding their implementation – both in terms of time and money. In this paper we investigate relationship between factors influencing selection of a specific implementation approach
and companies’ ability to stay on budget when implementing ERPs. The question is: whether factors influencing implementation approach then affects to what extent ERP system implementation costs exceed planned costs for implementation. The questionnaire research, focused on this issue, was conducted in Denmark, Slovakia and Slovenia. Dependent variables were percentage of actual ERP
system implementation costs and staying on budget vis-à-vis the planned costs and budgets. The independent variables were implementation approach, country, company size, information strategy, representation of the IT department on board level, and number of implemented modules. Main conclusions are that number of modules influences selection of implementation approach and
companies with information strategy are more likely to stay on budget. However, implementation approach does not significantly influences implementation costs and clear relationships between factors influencing selection of implementation approach and costs for ERP implementation could not be found.

ECIS2009-0608.R1
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC MARKETPLACES IN THE RETAIL AUTOMOTIVE AND MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND ORDER (MRO) INDUSTRIES.
CARINE DOMINGUEZ, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.
Abstract 
We question the strategic potential of EMPs to bring a competitive advantage to their users: their nature and the main differentiating factors that progressively appear over time.  
Based on three case studies in the retail, automotive and MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Order) industries, conducted from 2002-2007, we more thoroughly describe where buyers and suppliers perceive strategic advantages in the eValues brought by EMPs. We classify these strategic opportunities according to Porter (1980) and Wiseman’s (1985) typologies: differentiation, cost, innovation,  alliance/power gains and growth. Finally, we explore how these different factors have evolved over time in users’ perceptions. 
 The paper brings an in-depth and longitudinal empirical study of EMPs specific competitive advantages in each industry. The paper brings an in-depth and longitudinal empirical study of EMPs specific competitive advantages in each industry.

ECIS2009-0086.R1
SIMMELIAN TIES, ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE, AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN VIRTUAL WORKGROUPS
ZHI WEI HO, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore;
KLARISSA CHANG, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore.
Abstract
We argue that types of Simmelian-tied employee dyads (dyads embedded in three-person cliques) influences organizational justice perceptions, and knowledge sharing within and across organizational boundaries through virtual workgroups. We study the interaction between employees' advice and friendship ties, shared interpersonal, interactional, procedural and distributive justice perceptions, and the types of knowledge shared from a social network perspective. We predict that Simmelian-tied advice and friendship dyads influence justice perceptions, and in turn knowledge sharing. Compared to Simmelian-tied advice dyads, we suggest that Simmelian-tied friendship dyads were hypothesized to be strongly associated with congruent distributive, interpersonal, and interpersonal justice perceptions. Congruent procedural justice perceptions were likely to be associated with both Simmelian-tied advice and friendship ties. We hypothesized that distributive, procedural, and informational justice perceptions were likely to be shared across formal organizational boundaries through strong friendship ties. We also predicted that positive congruent procedural, interpersonal and informational justice perceptions influenced expert knowledge sharing while congruent distributive justice perceptions influenced product knowledge sharing.

ECIS2009-0187.R1
WEB-ENABLED BOUNDARY SPANNERS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE KNOWLEDGE FLOW NETWORK
EOIN WHELAN, University of Limerick, Ireland;
BRIAN DONNELLAN, NUI Galway, Ireland;
ROBIN TEIGLAND, Stockholm School of Economics, Stocolm, Sweden;
WILLIE GOLDEN, NUI Galway, Ireland.
Abstract
No organisation, no matter how large, can remain totally reliant on the stocks of new knowledge it generates itself.  In order to keep abreast of the latest scientific and technological developments, R&D organisations must continuously import knowledge from beyond the organisations boundaries.  How does this external knowledge which is critical to success then become absorbed and integrated into the firm?  Our paper addresses this question through the lens of the influential technological gatekeeper theory.  Drawing on social network analysis (SNA) and interview evidence from a medical devices R&D group, we find that the gatekeeper role is still vital, but no longer needs to be performed by a single individual. Instead, the modern R&D group can keep abreast of the latest technological
advances through a combination of Web-enabled internal and external communication specialists.  A unique contribution this paper makes to the IT-enable social network literature is the development of an updated conceptual framework of how the gatekeeper role is performed in the modern R&D group.

ECIS2009-0227.R1
ARE “DESIGN NETWORKS” SHAPED BY THEIR OWN OUTCOMES? COORDINATION PROCESSES BETWEEN ACTORS AND ARTEFACTS
FRANCESCO BOLICI, OrgLab-DIAM, Cassino University, via Sant'Angelo, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
FRANCESCO VIRILI, OrgLab-DIAM, Cassino University, via Sant'Angelo, 03043 Cassino, Italy.
Abstract
This paper sets the basis for a research project focused on collaborative social network’s genesis and dynamics. It introduces a research framework for the empirical investigation of a network focused on the design of a shared artefact, the so-called "Web services Architecture". Our hypothesis is that network artefact’s characteristics, seen as the final outcome of a collaborative process, influence and drive the genesis and the structure of the social network that is designing it. We embraced this view in order to avoid a limitation of the traditional perspectives that consider the network structure as exogenous and stable. We consider the reciprocal influence between the artefact and the social network structure, with a phase in which the desired artefact may shape the network genesis and a phase in which the emergent network’s structure may drive the artefact design.

ECIS2009-0508.R1 - BEST PAPER NOMINEE
A UTILITY-BASED MODEL TO DEFINE THE OPTIMAL DATA QUALITY LEVEL IN IT SERVICE OFFERINGS
CINZIA CAPPIELLO,  Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy;
MARCO COMUZZI, City University London, Department of Computing, School of Informatics, Northampton Square, London, UK.
Abstract 
In the information age, enterprises base or enrich their core business activities with the provision of informative services.  For this reason, organizations are becoming increasingly aware of data quality issues, which concern the evaluation of the ability of a data collection to meet users’ needs. Data quality is a multidimensional and subjective issue, since it is defined by a variety of criteria, whose definition and evaluation is strictly dependent on the context and users involved. Thus, when considering data quality, the users’ perspective should always be considered fundamental. Authors in data quality literature agree that providers should adapt, and consequently improve, their service offerings in order to completely satisfy users’ demands. However, we argue that, in service provisioning, providers are subject to restrictions stemming, for instance, from costs and benefits assessments. Therefore, we identify the need for a conciliation of providers’ and users’ quality targets in defining the optimal data quality level of an informative service. The definition of such equilibrium is a complex issue since each type of user accessing the service may define different utilities regarding the provided information. Considering this scenario, the paper presents a utility-based model of the providers’ and customers’ interests developed on the basis of multi-class offerings. The model is exploited to analyze the optimal service offerings that allow the efficient allocation of quality improvements activities for the provider.

ECIS2009-0699.R1
UNPACKING THE ERP INVESTMENT DECISION: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BENEFITS AND RISKS
BYRON KEATING, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong 2522, Australia;
TIM COLTMAN, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong 2522, Australia;
KATINA MICHAEL, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong 2522, Australia;
VALERIE BAKER, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
Abstract
Most leading organizations, in all sectors of industry, commerce and government are dependent upon ERP for their organizational survival.  Yet despite the importance of the decision to adopt ERP and its impact on the entire firm’s performance the IT literature has been in the large part silent on the nature of the ERP investment decision. This study is the first of its kind to determine the preference structure of senior managers around the organizational benefits and risks of adopting ERP. We present the results which provide interesting insights into how managers’ perceive the benefit and risk factors salient to the organization’s adoption decision. In line with prior research we found that improved productivity, and information and planning are important drivers of the ERP adoption decision. Moreover our findings reveal that the benefits of ERP are weighted almost twice as important as the risks when making an ERP investment decision. However when it comes to risk, interestingly managers consider issues such as top management commitment and vendor support as more important than financial risks.

ECIS2009-0749.R1
TOWARDS UNFOLDING CRM IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY
HUMA HAMID, Brunel University, UK, currently working as Software Testing Engineer at Bentley Systems, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Abstract
In the recent times, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has become one of the most dynamic topics of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), both in the academia and the market. This popularity is indeed a result of the promising features offered by CRM. All the studies to date have highlighted elements associated with CRM success by studying its adoption and implementation in the organizations, with a focus on developed countries. Despite the usefulness of these contributions, today, very limited information is available, where implementation of CRM systems has actually been evaluated in a developing country like Pakistan, employing an interpretive approach. Hence, this current research aims to address this gap in literature, not only by taking a non-traditional approach of success evaluation; using system’s stakeholders’ expectations as an  evaluation criteria but also focusing a case study from Pakistan, where  ICT industry and specifically CRM is in the initial stages of adoption. This research effort has not only revealed the social aspects of CRM implementation but also unfolded some cultural aspects associated with the CRM in Pakistan. In order to guide the research, theory of stakeholders’ expectation failures turned out to be the most suitable option.

ECIS2009-0200.R1
PREDOMINANTLY ELECTRONIC OR PERSONAL SERVICE DELIVERY? A CASE IN THE WEALTH MANAGEMENT CONTEXT
ANNE SUNIKKA, Helsinki School of Economics, Department of Business Technology, Runeberginkatu 22-24, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract 
Financial services have been a recurrent subject of a multichannel inquiry but investigation into the wealth management area is scarce. This paper intends to fill the gap and presents the results of a questionnaire directed at customers of a financial conglomerate. The objective of this research is to examine which variables influence consumers’ channel preferences in the wealth management context,
and to find out possible differences between the customers who prefer predominantly electronic service or personal service delivery. Logistic regression and t-tests are used in the analysis. The perceived channel attributes of personalization, convenience and safety, relationship strength, and the internet and wealth management knowledge influence the channel preferences. Typical wealth management customers prefer multichannel service delivery; only 4 % of customers prefer pure electronic service, and 14 % of customers prefer pure personal service. There are several aspects that differentiate those customers who prefer predominantly electronic or personal service. The preference for the electronic channel indicated investments in shares, independent decision making style in wealth management tasks and reliance on electronic information channels. In addition, the customers who perceive relationship strength with the service provider as weaker prefer predominantly e-services, which should give impetus for action among the management in the financial service companies.

ECIS2009-0239.R1
RECONCEPTUALISING THE INFORMATION SYSTEM AS A SERVICE
GUY GABLE,  Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;
ARUN RAI, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA  Arun Rai.
Abstract
The study will cross-fertilise Information Systems (IS) and Services Marketing ideas through reconceptualising the information system as a service (ISaaS). The study addresses known limitations of arguably the two most significant dependent variables in these disciplines - Information System Success or IS-Impact, and Service Quality. Planned efforts to synthesise analogous conceptions across these disciplines, are expected to force a deeper theoretical understanding of the broad notions of success, quality, value and satisfaction and their interrelations. The aims of this research are to: (1) yield a conceptually superior and more extensively validated IS success measurement model, and (2) develop and operationalise a more rigorously validated Service Quality measurement model, while extending the ‘service’ notion to ‘operational computer-based information systems in organisations’. In the development of the new models the study will address contemporary validation issues.

ECIS2009-0449.R1
MEASUREMENT OF E-SERVICE QUALITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON ONLINE TRAVEL SERVICE
HONGXIU LI, Turku School of Economics, Turku Center for Computer Science, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5 B, 6th floor, Turku, Finland;
YONG LIU, Åbo Akademi University, Turku Center for Computer Science, Turku, Finland;
REIMA SUOMI, urku School of Economics, Turku Center for Computer Science, Rehtorinpellonkatu 3, Turku, Finland.
Abstract
Information communication technologies (ICTs) have significantly revolutionized travel industry in the last decade. With an increasing number of travel companies participating in the Internet market, low price has become a minimum qualification to compete in the Internet market. As a result, e-service quality is becoming even more critical for companies to retain and attract customers in the digital age. This study focuses on e-service quality dimensions in the Internet market with an empirical study on online travel service. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to evaluate e-service quality from the perspectives of both online companies and customers, which provides fresh insight into the dimensions of e-service quality. The results in this study indicate that trust from the perspective of customer and ease of use from the perspective of online company are the most critical and important facets in customers’ perception of online travel service quality, while reliability, system availability and responsiveness have influence on customer’s perception of online travel service quality as well, but the influence is not so strong as that of trust and ease of use. Online travel service companies should pay attention to the facets of reliability, system availability and responsiveness while focusing on the facets of ease of use and trust in order to improve their online travel service quality to customers.

ECIS2009-0349.R1
THE EFFECTS OF REGULATORY PRESSURE ON INFORMATION SYSTEM ADOPTION SUCCESS: AN INSTITUTIONAL THEORY PERSPECTIVE
KATHARINA KRELL, The University of Queensland, UQ Business School, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
SABINE MATOOK, The University of Queensland, UQ Business School, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
FIONA ROHDE, The University of Queensland, UQ Business School, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Abstract 
In today’s economy, firms are affected by various government regulations that have implications for their information systems (IS). Regulatory pressure has become a major driver behind IS adoption. Nevertheless, it is currently unknown how regulatory pressure affects adoption success. Using an institutional theory lens, this research proposes that regulatory pressure affects some well established success factors of IS adoption. In particular, we hypothesise that regulatory pressure has a positive effect on top management support, project champion and formal project management; but a negative effect on project team competence. Hypotheses will be tested using a survey approach.

ECIS2009-0444.R1
A STUDY OF COMPLIANCE MANAGEMENT IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SYED NORRISSYED ABDULLAH, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia;
MARTAINDULSKA, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia;
SHAZIA SADIQ, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia.
Abstract
Regulatory compliance has become a critical concern for many industries around the globe and investment to achieve compliance has increased drastically inline with that concern. While Information Systems (IS) are considered a part of the support architecture, anecdotal evidence suggests that organisations struggle with finding the right tools and guidance on approaches for compliance management. For this reason, we undertake a review of the current research on compliance management topics in the Information Systems domain, with the ultimate goal to carry out a gap-analysis between research-based solutions and the current needs of compliance management professionals. In this paper, we consider thirteen Information Systems journals and perform an exhaustive analysis of the type of compliance management research published at these venues in the last five years. The analysis found forty-five relevant articles, which were then further classified depending on the type of their contribution. The results of the analysis suggest that IS research in managing compliance has received increasing attention in the recent years. The study also suggests that research has predominantly focused on exploratory studies, rather than proposition of solutions that can assist organizations in their compliance management regimens.

ECIS2009-0688.R1
ANALYSING THE EFFECT OF SECURITY ON INFORMATION QUALITY DIMENSIONS
MARKUS HELFERT, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 7, Ireland;
OWEN FOLEY, Owen, Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland;
MOUZHI GE, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 7, Ireland;
CINZIA CAPPIELLO, Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Via Ponzio 34/5, Milano, Italy.
Abstract   
Information quality (IQ) has become a critical concern in today’s organisations. Although recent studies of information systems indicate an increasing importance of IQ, foremost research is still limited. Indeed, little is known about the impact of various design decisions on IQ. Recent research shows that security measures are increasingly important for any information system; however security
measures are often introduced without considering the effect on IQ. At the same time, literature provides us with indications that trade-offs between various IQ dimensions exist. In this article we aim to investigate how security measures impact on different IQ dimensions. We carried out an experiment, which indicates that security measures have a significant effect on timeliness, whereas
other dimensions are not particularly influenced. This observation led us to the proposal of cost-benefit considerations, an important aspect for IQ management. The study is valuable for both research and practitioners. Further research studies can build on our observations and extend the research. Practitioners are provided with arguments for considering IQ trade-offs in relation to security measures. 

ECIS2009-0305.R1
INTEGRATING VALUE-ADDING MOBILE SERVICES INTO AN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR TOURIST DESTINATIONS
TOBIAS SCHERNER, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Grüneburgplatz 1, Frankfurt, Germany;
JAN MUNTERMANN, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Grüneburgplatz 1, Frankfurt, Germany;
HEIKO ROSSNAGEL, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering (IAO), Nobelstr. 12, Stuttgart, Germany.
Abstract
Recently, several disasters have affected the tourism industry. In order to mitigate the effects of disasters, increasing the level of preparedness is essential. However, despite the devastating effect disasters can have on tourism, few tourism organizations have properly developed disaster strategies as an integral part of their business plans. Emergency management systems that utilize mobile communication infrastructures can provide prompt information delivery to save human lives. Several supra-national initiatives and research projects are working on possibilities to facilitate mobile communication networks for emergency management systems. However, the success of such systems depends on users being familiar with the service, which is difficult to achieve, if the system is solely used for emergency management. Therefore, we propose a system design that allows the integration of mobile value-adding services. We also present exemplary services, which offer value to tourists and create business opportunities for the tourism industry. The central component of our proposed system design is a service platform, which communicates with mobile network operators and provides basic services for service providers from the tourism industry and the emergency manager via service interfaces.

ECIS2009-0308.R1
TAXONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS: DEVELOPING A TAXONOMY OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS
ROBERT NICKERSON,  San Francisco State University, College of Business, San Francisco, CA, USA;
UPKAR VARSHNEY, Georgia State University, 35 Broad Street, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
JAN MUNTERMANN, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Grüneburgplatz 1, Frankfurt, Germany;
HENRI ISAAC, Université Paris Dauphine, DRM UMR n° 7088 CNRS, Paris Cedex 16, France.
Abstract
The complexity of the information systems field often lends itself to classification schemes, or taxonomies, which provide ways to understand the similarities and differences among objects under study. Developing a taxonomy, however, is a complex process that is often done in an ad hoc way. This research-in-progress paper uses the design science paradigm to develop a systematic method for taxonomy development in information systems. The method we propose uses an indicator or operational level model that combines both empirical to deductive and deductive to empirical approaches.  We evaluate this method by using it to develop a taxonomy of mobile applications, which we have chosen because of their ever-increasing number and variety. The resulting taxonomy contains seven dimensions with fifteen characteristics. We demonstrate the usefulness of this taxonomy by analyzing a range of current and proposed mobile applications. From the results of this analysis we identify combinations of characteristics where applications are missing and thus are candidates for new and potentially useful applications.

ECIS2009-0494.R1
EMERGING BUSINESS MODELS AND STRATEGIES FOR MOBILE MIDDLEWARE TECHNOLOGY PROVIDERS: A REFERENCE FRAMEWORK
ANTONIO GHEZZI, Politecnico di Milano, Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy.
Abstract
As Mobile Network Operators are turning their attention to value added services, the need for innovative technology platforms designed for mobile digital contents management becomes evident. Such phenomenon is enhancing the strategic relevance of  the “Mobile Middleware Technology Providers”(MMTPs) within the Mobile Content Value Network. The purpose of this paper is to
explore which are the most critical choices to be made at a business model design level for a MMTP, to understand how these parameters are interrelated and can be combined to give rise to differential business models, and finally to delineate what are the most significant underlying “strategic patterns” driving the first steps of MMTPs activity within the Mobile Content competitive arena. The research relies on the adoption of a multiple case studies methodology: through 72 semi-structured interviews, 24 MMTPs were analyzed.The research findings show that some key business model parameters identified by the existing literature can be applied to MMTPs’ business model design process, while others were missing or not made explicit. Moreover, three noteworthy business models currently adopted by MMTPs – “Pure Play”, “Full Asset” and “Platform & Content Management” business models – were identified, associated respectively to three underlying strategic patterns – “stay on core”, “grow, wait and see” and “aggressive downstream”.

ECIS2009-0703.R1
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE FIRST-LINE MANAGER’S DILEMMA: LESSONS FROM AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY
JOAO VIEIRA DA CUNHA, Joao Vieira da Cunha Faculty of Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa;
ANDREA CARUGATI, Andrea Carugati Århus School of Business, Århus University.
Abstract
This research builds on the literature on information technology and organizations to suggest an alternative to the current understanding of the production of computer-generated representations of work. This literature sees computer-generated representations of work as automatic outcomes of information technology that managers use to scrutinize employees. We present a ethnography of a desk-based sales unit which suggests that first-line managers can address the tension between the need to enforce prescribed goals and procedures and the need to adapt to and protect employees’ improvisation by forfeiting surveillance and instead use information technology to build a façade of compliance with prescribed goals and procedures. Our results to shed light on the hidden labours behind representations of compliance and place agency in the centre stage of the process of producing computer-generated formal representations of work.

ECIS2009-0516.R1
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG DEVELOPMENT SKILLS, DESIGN QUALITY, AND CENTRALITY IN OPEN SOURCE PROJECTS
DONATO BARBAGALLO, Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy;
CHIARA FRANCALANCI, Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Abstract
In a previous paper, we have found empirical evidence supporting a positive relationship between network centrality and success. However, we have also found that more successful projects have a lower technical quality. A first, straightforward argument explaining previous findings is that more central contributors are also highly skilled developers who are well known for their ability to manage the complexity of code with a lower attention to the software structure. The consolidated metrics of software quality used by the authors in
their previous research represent measures of code structure. This paper provides empirical evidence supporting the idea that the negative impact of success on quality is caused by the careless behaviour of  skilled developers, who are also hubs within the social network. Research hypotheses are tested on a sample of 56 OS applications from the SourceForge.net repository, with a total of 378 developers. The sample includes some of the most successful and large OS projects, as well as a cross-section of less famous active projects evenly distributed among SourceForge.net’s project categories.

ECIS2009-0595.R1
DO BEST PRACTICE FRAMEWORKS FIT OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE CUSTOMIZATION?
STEFFEN KESSLER, Institute of Information Systems, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Universitätsstraße 24, Marburg, Germany;
PAUL ALPAR, Institute of Information Systems, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Universitätsstraße 24, Marburg, Germany.
Abstract
Most management models that support software development, information technology (IT) service management, or other IT related tasks have been developed based on extensive experience with these tasks. Their recommendations are, therefore, often named base, good, or best practice. We examine in this paper whether these models are also suitable to support use and adaptation of open source software (OSS) within adopting organizations. OSS is widely used as it exhibits some very appealing features. However, if companies take full advantage of the flexibility OSS affords, especially the possibility to customize it, relating processes get quite complex. Careful control of these processes becomes crucial and use of proper management processes almost mandatory. In the paper, we first determine the special needs of OSS customization and then examine three popular models as to how well they can support this activity. The examined models are ITIL Version 3, SPICE (ISO/IEC 15504), and V-Modell XT. Our research shows that none of the models sufficiently covers the needs of OSS customization. While some aspects of OSS customization can be dealt with in the models or require only minimal modifications of the models, none of the models includes best practices for the management of intertwined and concurrent internal and external development.

ECIS2009-0181.R1
INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE GOVERNANCE AND WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY
VIOLETA SUN,University of São Paulo, FEA/USP – Department of Business Administration,, São Paulo,SP,Brasil;
MARGUNN AANESTAD, University of Oslo, Department of Informatics, Blindern, Oslo, Norway;
ESPEN SKORVE, University of Oslo, Department of Informatics, Blindern, Oslo, Norway;
GIANLUCA MISCIONE, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Hengelosestraat 99, P.O. Box 6, 7514 AE Enschede,The Netherlands.
Abstract
In this paper we discuss the challenges of managing large-scale information infrastructures. Various management models, such as the IT governance model, propose structured approaches for management of an organization’s infrastructure. This paper argues both theoretically and empirically that such an approach to information infrastructure governance has its limitations. The paper is based on empirical material from three change processes in information infrastructures in the context of health care. We present case vignettes that illustrate how these processes evolved along unexpected trajectories, subject to factors beyond the control of management. To conceptualize these phenomena we draw on literature that conceptualize change as emerging from the meeting between multiple parallel streams of activities. The interactions between the various streams open up windows of opportunities that affect the information infrastructure development. We argue that such conceptualizations more realistically depict how large-scale information infrastructures evolve, and hence how they can be (or not be) managed.

ECIS2009-0249.R1
CONFIGURATION OF ACTORS AND ROLES IN ESTABLISHING ICT
DONGBACK SEO, Universidad de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 257, Santiago, Chile;
ARIEL LA PAZ, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, AE Groningen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
Establishing technologies has brought mixed socio-economic impacts across nations and regions. Researchers have studied the relationships between the establishment technologies and its impacts through identifying innovative processes, major actors, and available resources. However, the challenge to this literature is how less resourced countries have achieved greater prosperity than
better resourced countries by establishing Information and Communication Technology (ICT). To understand and analyze this phenomenon, we propose a typology of the configuration of roles and actors in establishing ICT based on an innovation framework. The proposed typology can be used not only to explain different socio-economic impacts among countries or regions, but also to suggest a constructive way in establishing ICT through reconfiguring involved actors in the key roles.

ECIS2009-0526.R1
THE BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE COMPETENCE CENTRE AS AN INTERFACE BETWEEN IT AND USER DEPARTMENTS IN MAINTENANCE AND RELEASE DEVELOPMENT.
HENNING BAARS, University of Stuttgart, Breitscheidstraße 2c, Stuttgart, Germany;
MICHAEL ZIMMER, University of Stuttgart, Breitscheidstraße 2c, Stuttgart, Germany;
HANS-GEORG KEMPER, University of Stuttgart, Breitscheidstraße 2c, Stuttgart, Germany.
Abstract 
The growing relevance, scale, and complexity of Business Intelligence (BI) entails the need to find agile and efficient solutions for the coordination of maintenance and release processes – under consideration of the heterogeneity of the involved units on the IT and the business side. The finance industry with its mature BI infrastructures and its highly turbulent business environment is a forerunner for these developments. Based on a survey among BI users in the finance sector, relevant problem areas in the BI service provision are identified and structured. A series of qualitative interviews among banks and insurance companies is used to gain further insights into approaches for dealing with the related issues. The studies uncover several advantages of a central “BI Competency Centre” (BICC) as well as levers for effectively structuring the interfaces between BICC, IT, and user interface.

ECIS2009-0315.R1
AN ONTOLOGY-DRIVEN TOPIC MAPPING APPROACH TO MULTI-LEVEL MANAGEMENT OF E-LEARNING RESOURCES
BHAVANI SRIDHARAN, School of Business Information Technology, RMIT University,Victoria, Australia;
HEPU DENG, School of Business Information Technology, RMIT University,Victoria, Australia;
BRIAN CORBITT, School of Business Information Technology, RMIT University,Victoria, Australia.
Abstract 
An appropriate use of various pedagogical strategies is fundamental for the effective transfer of knowledge in a flourishing e-learning environment. The resultant information superfluity, however, needs to be tackled for developing sustainable e-learning. This necessitates an effective representation and intelligent access to learning resources. Topic maps address these problems of representation and retrieval of information in a distributed environment. The former aspect is particularly relevant where the subject domain is complex and the later aspect is important where the amount of resources is abundant but not easily accessible. Conversely, effective presentation of learning resources based on various pedagogical strategies along with global capturing and authentication of learning resources are an intrinsic part of effective management of learning resources. Towards fulfilling this objective, this paper proposes a multi-level ontology-driven topic mapping approach to facilitate an effective visualization, classification and global authoring of learning resources in e-learning.

ECIS2009-0506.R1
EXPLORING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ALIGNMENT WITHIN AN INNOVATION CONTEXT
TADHG NAGLE, University College Cork, Ireland;
WILLIE GOLDEN, National University of Ireland, Galway.
Abstract 
There has been increasing attention in IS literature around the technology-business relationship and the concept of social alignment. However, little attention has been given to how or why social alignment should be developed. Further examining the concept this paper explores the development of social alignment within an innovation context. Using canonical action research the study is based within an innovation network. Primarily focusing on four organisations, a lack of social alignment was diagnosed. In particular, it was found the business executives did not fully understand the potential of the new technologies available. An intervention was then planned to facilitate the organisations in utilising a business model framework for developing social alignment by creating a common understanding between the business-technology executives. The study which took 24 months to complete involved over 110 hours of primary data. The results highlight the positive impact of the business model framework in developing social alignment. However, it was found that the business model framework alone is not enough to develop social alignment within an innovation setting. Careful thought should be put into who facilitates the development of social alignment and a shared understanding, as CTO’s are often too caught up in day-to-day operations to fulfill the role.

ECIS2009-0592.R1
TOWARDS A REFERENCE MODEL FOR ONLINE RESEARCH MAPS
RALF KNACKSTEDT, University of Muenster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany,
LUKASZ LIS, University of Muenster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
ARMIN STEIN, University of Muenster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
INGO BARTH, University of Muenster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
JÖRG BECKER, University of Muenster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Abstract
Online research maps are websites that present information about certain research activities in a structured manner. Institutions like universities, states, or individual researchers use them as knowledge base to identify and communicate “who knows what” and “where can the respective information be found”. Furthermore, these items are used as a research marketing measure, stressing the importance of this kind of portal. However, research maps differ in their range of functionalities, their respective naming, their target audience and so on. Thus, it is an exhausting task identifying and choosing the right set of functionalities. Our goal is to offer a template for the creation of common practice online research maps. For this purpose, we present a reference model and describe its development process. As preliminary measure, 66 research maps have been carefully analysed with respect to the formerly mentioned aspects. Derived from the results of our analysis, common practice was identified and used as basis for developing a reference model for online research maps. For development pur-poses, an existing language for describing internet portals was chosen and adapted to suite the requirements of describing research maps. The reference model presented in this article was then evaluated in a multi-methodical procedure.

ECIS2009-0483.R1
VALUATION OF ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS – AN ECONOMIC MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION USING THE CASE OF XING.COM
MARTIN GNEISER, Dep. of Information Systems Engineering & Financial Management, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstrasse 16, Augsburg, Germany;
JULIA HEIDEMANN, Dep. of Information Systems Engineering & Financial Management, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstrasse 16, Augsburg, Germany;
MATHIAS KLIER, Department of Information Systems, University of Innsbruck, Universitaetsstrasse 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
CHRISTIAN WEIÁ, Dep. of Information Systems Engineering & Financial Management, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstrasse 16, Augsburg, Germany.
Abstract
Online social networks are gaining increasing economic importance in light of the rising number of members. The numerous recent acquisitions priced at enormous amounts illustrate this development. Therefore, the growing relevance of online social networks in science as well as in practise revealed the need for adequate valuation models, which take into account the networks’ specific characteristics. Thus, this article develops an economic model for valuation of online social networks. The model allows the evaluation of whether the purchase prices on the market, which recently amounted to millions, are justifiable. Finally, the practical application of the model is illustrated by an example of the major European online social network XING.com.

ECIS2009-0633.R1
REVEALING KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS FROM COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION IN ORGANIZATIONS
JURRIAAN VAN REIJSEN, Utrecht University, The Nederlands;
REMKO HELMS, Utrecht University, The Nederlands.
Abstract
In today’s knowledge driven economy, knowledge is considered to be the key factor in defining the success of an organization. We have learned that knowledge is residing in the informal network of the organization. Hence, to improve performance, it is the informal knowledge network that should be examined and developed. For this purpose, social network analysis is increasingly applied in business contexts. This is, however, a new domain, which is still in development. This paper aims to aid in this development by researching how representative knowledge networks can be revealed in organizations. While surveying is a common first option to capture an organizational network, this technique may not always be suitable. Communication sources (e.g. e-mail) may provide an alternative, however, we do not know to what extent these sources can represent the actual knowledge network. This paper examines a Dutch IT services organization. Here, a web-survey among the employees baselines the knowledge network, which is compared to 3 communication networks from the same organization, captured by means of e-mail, telephone and SMS (Short Message Service) communication (also known as text messaging or texting). A comparison is made by means of correlating the network matrices and by comparing essential network properties. Findings show that only the e-mail network is significantly representative for the baselined knowledge network. This exercise is exploratory in nature as only one organization is examined, but comprehensive with regard to the richness of data that is available for examination. From our findings we gain insight in the extent to which networks, captured from e-mail, telephone and SMS archives can represent an organizational knowledge network.

ECIS2009-0709.R1
ANALYZING COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY WIRELESS NETWORKS
ABDELNASSER ABDELAALCollege of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA;
HESHAM ALI, College of Information Science and Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
Abstract
Community wireless networks (CWNs) have emerged as collective actions achieved by many communities worldwide to access the information highway. Developing autonomous CWNs depends, in large part, on community contributions that may include time, money, efforts, expertise and computer resources. However, there is a lack of instruments for measuring such contributions, as well as the outcomes of these networks. This study uses the social network analysis analytical approach to model, measure and analyze community contributions in the development of their wireless infrastructures. In particular, we model community contributions as a two-mode (or bipartite) graph composed of two sets of nodes: the first represents a set of community contributors and the other represents a set of wireless networks. The edges between these two sets stand for the inputs of contributors. Their contributions include volunteering time and manpower, sharing their wireless nodes with community members, donating money, donating hardware, providing technical support, and developing open source software for the network. The model is used to analyze these tangible and intangible forms of contributions. We hope this study provides a better understanding and sounder measurement of the role of communities in developing these emerging common wireless infrastructures and similar digital collective actions. 

ECIS2009-0540.R1
PRESENTING DATA FOR TEAM-BASED DECISION-MAKING IN AGILE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROJECTS
KIERAN CONBOY, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland;
THOMAS ACTON, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland;
RAIJA HALONEN, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
Abstract
Although there are a number of purported benefits of agile systems development methods over traditional forms, many in the Information Systems Development (ISD) community highlight the difficulties that the dynamic, turbulent nature of agile development environments may present. One prominent difference compared to traditional ISD projects is the emphasised presence of the customer in decision-making. Specifically, project management and decision-making can be significantly more challenging than in projects involving traditional development approaches. This paper describes a research-in-progress, that focuses on decision-making in agile projects, and aims to develop a better understanding of how agile teams present dynamic data to decision makers who may act “on the fly”, and in so doing lead to effective, high quality decision-making in agile environments. The goal of the paper with its three case studies is to develop a set of best practices for representing decision-making data in agile ISD projects.

ECIS2009-0569.R1
ENABLING OPEN INNOVATION: PROPOSAL OF A FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING ICT AND KMS IMPLEMENTATION IN WEB-BASED INTERMEDIARIES
SVEN CARLSSON, Lund School of Economics and Management, Ole Römers väg 6, SE-223 63  Lund, Sweden;
VINCENZO CORVELLO, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, IT-87036, Rende, Italy;
PIERO MIGLIARESE, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, IT-87036, Rende, Italy.
Abstract
Open Innovation is a model used to describe how nowadays companies source and exploit new technologies, new products and services. Web-Based Intermediaries (WBIs) have entered the emerging innovation market and are expected to dramatically increase the number of innovation exchanges. However there are not yet clear theoretical guidelines supporting the design and management of such intermediaries. We use organizational sense-making theory and relative absorptive capacity (RAC) theory to analyze the factors that still hinder Open Innovation. From sense-making theory and RAC theory we draw directions on the services WBIs need to provide in order to effectively support an innovation market. Since information technology is critical to the success of a WBI, we also give directions on how ICT and KMS can be used in order to support these services.

ECIS2009-0671.R1
DIGITAL LIBRARIES AS INFORMATION ORGANIZATIONS. THE RE-UNFOLDING OF THE MEMORY/INFORMATION PARADOX
ATTILA MARTON,London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, WC2A 2AE London, UK.
Abstract
Throughout history, libraries have played a key role in remembering the past continuously adapting to changes in societal communication and its technologies. Digital libraries prove to be the next step of unfolding the memory/information paradox which is the foundation of what makes a library a library. Libraries are again changing in order to remain libraries. The focus has begun to shift from being an archive of knowledge containers – the memory side of the paradox - to being an organizer of information taking the form of information organizations. In this sense, a library does not use an information system but rather is an information system. Contemporary developments in ICT seem to harbour the capability to transform the memory/information paradox into a solvable technical problem making libraries themselves an institution of the past. At a closer look, however, the paradox re-emerges provoking the dynamics behind the discussions of what a library actually is and does in the 21st century. The conceptual elaboration of contemporary libraries as information organizations serves as a sensitizing tool for the social science study of digital libraries but also as a key to introducing digital libraries into the Information Systems community.

ECIS2009-0003.R1
A TRANSACTION COST THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE (SAAS)-BASED SOURCING IN SMBS AND ENTERPRISES
ALEXANDER BENLIAN, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Institute for Information Systems and New Media, Ludwigstr. 28, 80539, Munich, Germany.
Abstract
This study seeks to better understand the factors contributing to the adoption of Software as a Service (SaaS) as on-demand sourcing option. Grounded in transaction cost theory (TCT), we developed a research model for assessing SaaS-sourcing at the application level. Four hypotheses with three TCT-based constructs (application specificity, environmental uncertainty, and usage frequency) and one contingency factor (firm size) affecting the adoption of SaaS-based sourcing were formulated. Survey data of 154 firms in Europe with 284 response items across different industries were collected to test the theoretical model. PLS-based structural equation modeling demonstrated that uncertainty emerges as the strongest factor for SaaS-adoption, while application specificity also contributes significantly. Differentiating between small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and enterprises, uncertainty represents the strongest driver for SaaS-adoption in SMBs, whereas application specificity is more important in enterprises. Finally, firm size is significantly and negatively associated with SaaS-based sourcing within, but not across the subgroups of SMBs and enterprises

ECIS2009-0119.R1
CONTINGENT DYNAMICS OF IS ALIGNMENT IN SMES
MARGI LEVY, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
PHILIP POWELL, School of Management, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK and University of Groningen, Netherlands;
PHILIP YETTON, Australian School of Business, University of New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract
Performance is a function of the alignment between information systems (IS) strategy and other business domains, including business strategy and organization structure. However, research has focused on the outcomes of that process, rather than the processes by which that alignment is developed. Using multiple case data, this paper investigates alignment in SMEs, explaining why different SMEs follow different paths to alignment. Four paths are identified, with the path chosen contingent on an SME’s market position. The four paths vary from simple, when the focus of the IS investment is on improving control, to complex, when the intent is to reposition the SME. The implications of these findings for management and research are explored

ECIS2009-0283.R1
SLACK-ENABLED INNOVATION VERSUS PROBLEMISTIC SEARCH: FINDINGS FROM CASE STUDIES AMONG SME
HEINZ-THEO WAGNER, Heilbronn business school, Bahnhofstr. 1, D-74072 Heilbronn, Germany;
KRISTINA ETTRICH, Heilbronn business school, Bahnhofstr. 1, D-74072 Heilbronn, Germany.
Abstract
Innovations are important for the development of firms and whole economies. Several theoretic approaches are therefore dealing with innovation and the motivation of firms to motivate. The Resource-based View of the Firm views innovations to be motivated by the use of slack resources while the Behavioral Theory of the Firm predicts problemistic search as an important motivation for innovative maneuvers. Recently, Pitelis proposes an integration of both theories to better explaining the motivation for innovation. This paper empirically tests the predictions from these theories using multiple case studies among small and medium enterprises. The results show that firms’ motivation to innovate is best explained using a combination of both theories.

ECIS2009-0497.R1
A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF NFC BASED CONTACTLESS PAYMENT SYSTEMS IN RETAIL
THOMAS WIECHERT, ITEM-HSG, University of St. Gallen, Dufourstrasse 40a, St. Gallen, Switzerland;
FREDERIC THIESSE, ITEM-HSG, University of St. Gallen, Dufourstrasse 40a, St. Gallen, witzerland,;
ELGAR FLEISCH,  University of St. Gallen and D-MTEC, ETH Zurich, Dufourstrasse 40a, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Abstract 
Near Field Communication (NFC) technology allows for the implementation of novel contactless payment systems in stationary retail. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the impact of such systems on a retailer's payment costs on the example of real-world data from a Swiss food retailer. Our results indicate that the introduction of contactless payment under current card fee models would in virtually any case significantly increase the payment costs due to the substitution of low cost cash payments for expensive card payments. This increase might be balanced out by a substantial growth in sales, a reduction in operating costs, or a reduction of card transaction fees.

ECIS2009-0587.R1
NFC BASED SERVICE INNOVATION IN RETAIL: AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY
THOMAS WIECHERT,  University of St. Gallen, Dufourstrasse 40a, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
ANDREAS SCHALLER, Technology Consulting, Schulstrasse 11, 95676 Wiesau, Germany,;
FREDERIC THIESSE, University of St. Gallen, Dufourstrasse 40a, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland,;
ELGAR FLEISCH, University of St. Gallen and D-MTEC, ETH Zurich, Dufourstrasse 40a, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Abstract 
This paper presents the results of a survey conducted amongst European retailers on their plans and perceptions with regard to novel applications based on Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. Whilst the survey showed that retailers did evaluate the possible applications differently, none of them clearly stood out as the most beneficial one. NFC based services were on average conceded to be able to accelerate the checkout process at the point-of-sale. This is an important acknowledgment, as 65% of the respondents consider waiting lines which can occur at the checkout to hold the largest potential for an improvement of their customers’ shopping experience. While the rate of agreement is somewhat smaller than in the case of process acceleration, retailers also concede that NFC applications could make shopping more convenient for their customers. On the other hand, none of the NFC-based applications seemed to yield cost saving potentials to the responding retailers. The most surprising result of the survey was the respondents’ low expectations in regards to customer acceptance. This is in clear contrast to the reports on NFC trials which generally describe participants as enthusiastic about the technology.

ECIS2009-0636.R1
AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION OF CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN WIRELESS FIELD FORCE AUTOMATION PROJECTS
KHOUBEIB DJEMAI,CERAG Laboratory, CNRS – UMR 5820, University of Grenoble, France;
MARC FAVIER, CERAG Laboratory, CNRS – UMR 5820, University of Grenoble, France.
Abstract
In today’s knowledge driven economy, knowledge is considered to be the key factor in defining the success of an organization. We have learned that knowledge is residing in the informal network of the organization. Hence, to improve performance, it is the informal knowledge network that should be examined and developed. For this purpose, social network analysis is increasingly applied in business contexts. This is, however, a new domain, which is still in development. This paper aims to aid in this development by researching how representative knowledge networks can be revealed in organizations. While surveying is a common first option to capture an organizational network, this technique may not always be suitable. Communication sources (e.g. e-mail) may provide an alternative, however, we do not know to what extent these sources can represent the actual knowledge network. This paper examines a Dutch IT services organization. Here, a web-survey among the employees baselines the knowledge network, which is compared to 3 communication networks from the same organization, captured by means of e-mail, telephone and SMS (Short Message Service) communication (also known as text messaging or texting). A comparison is made by means of correlating the network matrices and by comparing essential network properties. Findings show that only the e-mail network is significantly representative for the baselined knowledge network. This exercise is exploratory in nature as only one organization is examined, but comprehensive with regard to the richness of data that is available for examination. From our findings we gain insight in the extent to which networks, captured from e-mail, telephone and SMS archives can represent an organizational knowledge network.

ECIS2009-0141.R1
REQUIREMENTS ON IT BUSINESS VALUE MEASURES FOR MOBILE-INTEGRATED BUSINESS PROCESSES
KAI HABERMANN, wi-mobile Research Group, Business Informatics and Systems Engineering,
University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany,
KEY POUSTTCHI, wi-mobile Research Group, Business Informatics and Systems Engineering,
University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany.
Abstract
The IT productivity paradox raised the issue of finding appropriate measures for capturing the business value of information technology. While the topic is much discussed on the general IT level, there is little research on the specific investments in innovative mobile and ubiquitous technologies. In this paper, we apply a case study research methodology in order to identify the specific characteristics of mobile and ubiquitous technology investments and the subsequent requirements on appropriate measures for the IT business value of mobile-integrated business processes. The results are discussed with respect to the existing propositions from general IT business value frameworks. The outcome is a set of requirements on IT business value measures tailored to the specific characteristics of mobile-integrated business processes. We see the result also as a first step in the development of a suitable measurement framework which could be applied by both researchers and practitioners, especially ex ante in mobile business process reengineering.

ECIS2009-0476.R1
TEACHING CASE INFLUENCES OF SIX SIGMA \R\NEMBRACEMENT AND ABONDENMENT
WASANA BANDARA, Queensland University of Technology, 126, Margaret Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
DIANA HECKL, Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, Sonnemannstraße 9-11, 60314 Frankfurt am Main;
MICHAEL ROSEMANN, Queensland University of Technology, 126, Margaret Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
Abstract 
Six Sigma is a methodology that uses data and statistical analyses on business processes to measure and improve the conduct and the output of production and service-oriented processes. Derived from a variety of quality management and industrial engineering approaches, it has emerged into one of the most popular process re-design methodologies. This paper complements the rich body of knowledge on Six Sigma methods and techniques with insights into the actual adoption of Six Sigma. Sunstate Financials1 is one of Australia's leading financial organizations. Having recognized the advantages of Six Sigma, Sunstate Financials started their Six Sigma journey in 2001. The peak of Six Sigma deployment at Sunstate Financials lasted for approximately 2 years. Almost every person in the company was aware of the Six Sigma methodology, and many projects commenced under the Six Sigma banner. Although the use of Six Sigma has shown dramatic process improvements and cost reductions, Six Sigma is no longer in use at Sunstate Financials. This teaching case explores the Six Sigma experiences of one of Australia’s leading financial service providers, and why this methodology
failed as a sustainable long term approach. It describes the key issues of Six Sigma and provides valuable lessons learnt.

ECIS2009-0629.R1
OPEN PROCESS INNOVATION: A MULTI-METHOD STUDY ON THE INVOLVEMENT OF CUSTOMERS AND CONSULTANTS IN PUBLIC SECTOR BPM
BJÖRN NIEHAVES, European Research Center for Information Systems, University of Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, Germany.
Abstract
Open Process Innovation – drawing from the literature on Open Innovation and Business Process Management (BPM) – promotes the study of how to systematically make use of knowledge that lies outside of an organization’s boundaries for process innovation initiatives. Open Innovation has been heavily studied for product innovation, however, process innovation has not yet been researched from such perspective. Against this background, we seek to investigate into variables that impact on the qualities of Open Process Innovation taking the example of the public sector domain. This paper examines how personnel resource scarcity exerts influence on the involvement of i) customers (here citizens and local companies) and ii) consultants (here management and software consultants) in
public sector BPM. Our multi-method analysis shows that personnel resource scarcity has consequences for BPM-related collaboration schema as it restricts the involvement of customers. Based on our findings, implications for theory and practice are discussed, including implications for studies on BPM maturity or on business process design. We call for a governance-theory perspective on process innovation as a fundamental basis for understanding and designing the institutions that shape collaboration in open process innovation.

ECIS2009-0193.R1
ONLINE, SET, GO - DESIGN AND EMPIRICAL TEST OF AN IT-BASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION
UTA KNEBEL, Universitaet Muenchen, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany;
JAN MARCO LEIMEISTER, Universitaet Kassel, Nora-Platiel-Str. 4, 34127 Kassel, Germany;
SEBASTIAN ESCH, Universitaet Muenchen, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany;
AXEL PRESSLER, Universitaet Muenchen, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany ;
HELMUT KRCMAR, Universitaet Muenchen, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
Abstract
Inactivity is the most widespread health risk factor in modern societies today, causing not only individual health problems but also immense costs for the healthcare systems. This emphasizes the need for improving population-wide impact of activity interventions, with particular attention to cost-effectiveness, scalability, and delivery channels. In this paper, we present the theory-motivated design (drawing on the transtheoretical model) and empirical test of an IT-based physical activity programme (Personal Health Manager, PHM). In order to be as cost-effective as possible, the PHM was designed to have only few face-to-face contacts and to deliver supervision through the internet.
Our design and implementation proved to be successful in a pilot test with 88 employees of an automotive company. The PHM increased participants’ activity, motivational readiness for change, functional capacity and transported the feeling of being well taken care of. Enhanced supervision did not increase performance. The results are first evidence that internet-mediated supervision can be successful in promoting physical activity and provide a starting point for investigating the role of face-to-face-contact and service levels in physical activity programs. The PHM and similar designs are also relevant to practice as the semi-automation makes them eligible for large-scale corporate or public health programs.

ECIS2009-0148.R1
HEALTH INFORMATION PORTALS: HOW CAN WE IMPROVE THE USER’S SEARCH EXPERIENCE?
JULIE FISHER, Monash University, Caulfield East, Australia;
FRADA BURSTEIN, , Monash University, Caulfield East, Australia;
ROSETTA MANASZEWICZ, , Monash University, Caulfield East, Australia;
KATE LAZARENKO, , Monash University, Caulfield East, Australia.
Abstract
Health information portals (HIP) are now common place. Governments and other health agencies are using HIPs extensively to reduce costs and distribute information more effectively. Generally, HIPs are not very technically sophisticated specifically in terms of options for improving searching. There are many ways in which searching and retrieving relevant information can be improved. This paper presents an exploratory study which investigated five HIPs. Each HIP offered a range of features and functionality to assist with searching. Our research explored the features and functionality of each HIP. Through usability evaluations we compared the response of users to each HIP and identified users’ preferences for improved searching. We found that HIPs with improved search functionality
and other features that assisted searching were better received by the users. Users regarded these portals as easier to understand, easier to use, required fewer steps in retrieving information and were more likely to say they would return. Comments from users are provided to illustrate further the importance of providing effective functionality. The paper concludes with recommendations for Health Information Portal builders on what is needed to improve the user search experience.

ECIS2009-0545.R1
DATA STAKEHOLDERS INTERACTING WITH PATIENT DATA
RETHA DE LA HARPE, Retha, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 80 Roeland str., Cape Town, South Africa.
Abstract
How data stakeholders interact with data is considered in this paper by incorporating a socio-technical perspective. A data interaction enactment model is proposed to better understand how a logical structure is enacted when data stakeholders interact with data. The proposed model expands a technologies-in-practice view to also provide for the embodied structures of data objects. This extended technology-in-practice view provides designers with an approach that focuses on the interaction between data stakeholders and data objects. Although the proposed model is a generic model it is applied in the healthcare context for this study. An interpretive approach was used for a private healthcare centre as the case to investigate how healthcare professionals interact with patient records. The findings indicate the design of patient records based on the perceived anticipated use may not sufficiently provide for their actual use where different stakeholders need to interact with the patient records. An understanding of the relationships between designers, data stakeholders, the patient record structure enacted during interaction and its physical components is important. This may be one of the reasons why patient records are still mostly paper-based in spite of efforts to develop and adopt electronic patient record systems.

ECIS2009-0253.R1
“WHO IS IN CHARGE AND WHOSE RULES ARE FOLLOWED..?":POWER IN A INTER-ORGANISATIONAL IS PROJECT
RIITTA HEKKALA, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland;
CATHY URQUHART, University of Auckland, Owen G Glenn Building, 12 Grafton Road 1142 Auckland, New Zealand;
NETTA IIVARI University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
Abstract 
This interpretive grounded theory study describes and analyses major power issues in a Scandinavian inter-organisational IS project which spanned four organisations, two suppliers, one national organisation and a research organisation. The paper explores different dimensions of power that emerged during the project – sources of power, power as resistance, reasons for the power struggle, and power as exercised, We conclude that, while power issues in ISD projects are by no means a new phenomenon, these power issues were exacerbated in this IOIS project due to the project governance structures necessary to coordinate several organisations.

ECIS2009-0257.R1
GENERATIVE MECHANISMS FOR INNOVATION IN INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURES
BENDIK BYGSTAD, Norwegian School of IT, Schweigaards gt.14, 0185 Oslo, Norway.
Abstract
This paper investigates how innovation of ICT based services takes place within existing infrastructures, including the whole network of technology, vendors and customers. Our research question is, how can an information infrastructure provide generative mechanisms for innovation of ICT based services? Building on a critical realist approach, our empirical evidence was a case study within an international airline, aiming to diversify its services. From our analysis we propose that there are two self-reinforcement mechanisms in information infrastructures. First, we identified the innovation reinforcement mechanism, resulting in new services. Second, there is the service reinforcement mechanism, resulting in more users and profits. The practical implication of our framework is to show that although ICT-based innovation cannot be planned and managed in detail, the innovation mechanism may help organisations to facilitate the innovation process in a structured way.

ECIS2009-0600.R1
A CONCEPTUAL MODELING APPROACH FOR SUPPLY CHAIN EVENT MANAGEMENT (SCEM)
AXEL WINKELMANN, University of Koblenz-Landau, Dep. of Computer Science, Universitätsstraße 1, Koblenz, Germany;
STEFAN FLEISCHER,  University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
SEBASTIAN HERWIG,  University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
JÖRG BECKER,  University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Abstract
The management of supply chains is a very comprehensive task. Predictability and response to incidents in process executions are challenging. With Supply Chain Event Management (SCEM), researchers propose an approach for overcoming these problems through proactive monitoring and notification of crucial process activities across the supply chain. The identification and definition of  such crucial activities and information needs are necessary to handle possible abnormalities although they are challenging task which have not been solved in SCEM research so far. Hence, we propose a modeling approach which allows the conceptual specification of an adequate information exchange along the supply chain. With our approach we focus on the specification of relevant logistical objects,
the definition of possible events, and the design of notifications for decision makers in the supply chain. 

ECIS2009-0518.R1
A REAL OPTIONS APPROACH FOR VALUATING INTERTEMPORAL INTERDEPENDENCIES WITHIN A VALUE-BASED IT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT - A RISK-RETURN PERSPECTIVE
DENNIS DIEPOLD, FIM Research Center Finance & Information Management, University of Augsburg, Germany;
CHRISTIAN ULLRICH, FIM Research Center Finance & Information Management, University of Augsburg, Germany;
ALEXANDER WEHRMANN, Senacor Technologies AG, Vordere Cramergasse 11, 90478 Nürnberg, Germany;
STEFFEN ZIMMERMANN, University of Innsbruck, Universitätsstraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Abstract
Value-based IT portfolio management requires the consideration of intertemporal interdependencies that may exist among IT projects. Therefore, several papers suggest adopting the real options approach in order to include intertemporal interdependencies within the valuation of IT projects. However, this paper shows that the standard Black-Scholes model, which is often used for valuating real options, is not appropriate to correctly account for project-specific private risks due to its restrictive assumptions. Since this can have major impacts on the value of IT projects, we develop an approach – based on the Black-Scholes model – to consider private risks properly within project valuation. A comparison of the results of the standard Black-Scholes model used today and our approach finally reveals that the neglect of private risks results in a systematic underestimation of both risk and return of IT projects, which may lead to wrong investment decisions.

ECIS2009-0243.R1
STOCK MARKET REACTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS: TOWARDS AN EXPLANATORY MODEL
NARCYZ ROZTOCKI, School of Business, State University of New York at New Paltz, 75 S. Manheim Blvd., New Paltz, NY, USA;
HEINZ WEISTROFFER, Heinz Roland, School of Business, Virginia Commonwealth University, Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, USA.
Abstract
Investments in information technology (IT) do not always result in the expected tangible payoffs, and the factors which influence the effect of IT investments on organizational performance are not well understood. Stock market reaction is one approach to appraising IT investments. In this paper we propose a conceptual model describing the factors that impact IT investments based on market reaction findings of major event studies on IT implementation announcements. This preliminary model may serve as a starting point to better understand the complex issue of stock movements related to IT investments.

ECIS2009-0354.R1
THE HEDONIC AND UTILITARIAN VALUE OF DIGITAL GAMES AT PRODUCT CATEGORY LEVEL
JAN STORGÅRDS, Helsinki School of Economics, POBOX 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland,;
VIRPI TUUNAINEN, Helsinki School of Economics, POBOX 1210, Helsinki, Finland;
ANSSI ÖÖRNI, Helsinki School of Economics, POBOX 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
Consumers’ product evaluation, choice, and use are driven by both utilitarian and hedonic considerations. Digital games, that are typically considered to be a homogenous product category, are often claimed to be high on hedonic value. However, there is a ultitude of digital games genres available. Differences in their appeal, gameplay, and purpose in practice indicate that digital games vary ignificantly in their proposed outcome. In this research paper, we present results from an observational survey study in which digital games were investigated at subcategory level. We found differences in weights consumers place on hedonic and utilitarian value at the product subcategory level, and also observed differences between evaluations of experienced and inexperienced consumers. The results indicate that subcategories act as a more assuring source of information than the general product category of digital games. urthermore, higher gaming experience may lead to more optimistic evaluation on subcategories.  Rather than grouping digital games into one category and treating them all as hedonic products, they should be discussed at their specific subcategory level, by researchers and practitioners, alike.

ECIS2009-0298.R1
THE TWO CULTURES AND THE INTERNET REVOLUTION
PAUL LICKER, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA;   
SUSANNAH CAMERON CRICHTON, Cameron Crichton Associates, Rochester Hills, Michigan, USA.
Abstract
This  document reinterprets C. P. Snow’s famous “Two Cultures” (the so-called “literary elite” and scientists) lecture of 1959, in light of advances in information systems in the past fifty years.  While Snow referred to specific groups, his analysis is generalizable: cultural groups differentiate through lack of communication. Here Snow’s analysis and advice are applied to a different pair of “cultures”(IT purveyors and IT users) as an example of his general principles. At a time of great unease about terrorism in the face of apparently relentless technological advance – analogous to Snow’s speech at the height of the Cold War—and  also during a time of (then) apparently dramatic technological advance, the lessons Snow derived can now apply usefully to today’s specific “two cultures” case.

ECIS2009-0325.R1
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF MOBILE PERSONALIZATION: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
SHUK YING HO, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia.
Abstract 
In the decade since the creation of wireless handheld devices, mobile commerce (m-commerce) has become a ubiquitous channel for accessing information and conducting business. Mobile users can now access information anytime and anywhere. Mobile advertising, retailing, and gambling are popular, and gradually the competition among mobile services providers turns fierce. Hence, some services providers adopt personalization technologies to customize content for their users. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of the use of personalization technologies in m-commerce. Although the effectiveness of personalization on the web is well-examined, there is little work on personalization in mobile services. The debates regarding the effectiveness of personalization and technological limitations and privacy concerns motivate us to conduct focus groups with mobile users, and explore the opportunities and challenges of personalized mobile services. The focus groups findings illustrate that mobile users are very concerned about their privacy and spam. We then extract a list of personal information from the focus groups findings. This list of personal information is highly related to mobile users’ privacy concerns. We conduct an online survey to gain a better understanding of which piece of information mobile users are more willing to share with services providers and we perform a multi-dimensional scale analysis.

ECIS2009-0515.R1
THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON MOBILE PHONE PURCHASING: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THAI AND BRITISH CONSUMERS
MONTHATHIP SRIKES, School of Management, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK;
CATHERINE COLLINS, School of Management, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK;
PANOS LOUVIERIS, School of Management, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Abstract
The aim of this research is to determine and evaluate whether differences in national culture impact on the buyer behaviour of Thai and British consumers when purchasing a mobile phone. Furthermore, the research was conducted in order to identify and compare key cultural attributes that influence mobile phone purchasing between Thai and British consumers. An empirical study was based on the concept of Hofstede’s dimension of Individualism /Collectivism and Power Distance and Schwartz’s values dimension of Power, Achievement, Hedonism and Self-Direction. The data was collected from 140 questionnaires using students at the University of Surrey. The findings indicated that there is a significant difference between Thai and British consumers in terms of mobile phone purchasing behaviour as far as Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Schwartz’s cultural values are concerned. The findings also recommend that managers in mobile phone organizations should be concerned with the cultural dynamics of consumers as part of their going re-segmentation, communication and promotion strategies within their overall marketing strategie. Additionally, the cultural factors will assist managers to guide the specifications required for the development of online customer decision support systems. 

ECIS2009-0002.R1
MODELLING USE CONTINUANCE IN VIRTUAL WORLDS: THE CASE OF SECOND LIFE
STUART BARNES, Norwich Business School, UK.
Abstract
There are now many virtual worlds in existence, a number of which have built considerable user bases. However, there is little empirical evidence to suggest what factors underpin their continued usage and success. This study set about determining why users continue to use virtual worlds, using the example of the popular virtual world of Second Life. The study adopts continuance theory and
extensions to the basic model to examine the effects of enjoyment, habit and absorption. The results (n=339) suggest that continuance intention is driven by perceived usefulness, habit, absorption and enjoyment, which together provide a comprehensive explanation for virtual world behaviour (R2=0.565). Interestingly, satisfaction did not appear to play a direct strong role in determining intentions. The paper rounds off with conclusions and implications for future research and practice in this very new area of inquiry

ECIS2009-0383.R1
THE MODERATING ROLE OF UTILITARIAN/HEDONIC USER MOTIVATION ON USER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS WEB 2.0 APPLICATIONS
HSIA-CHING CHANG Department of Information Management, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Information Management, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taiwan;
CHEN-YA WANG,  Department of Information Management, National Taiwan University, Taiwan;
SENG-CHO T. CHOU, Department of Informatics, University at Albany, State University of NewYork, USA.
Abstract
Web 2.0 is now an important internet application because of the integration of social interaction and web technologies. Previous information system studies usually specified their research context as a utilitarian system or hedonic system and the results were concluded within one specific system type. Web 2.0 application provides a flexible environment for different kinds of user motivations that can be used for utilitarian or hedonic purpose. This study extended the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by introducing a moderating factor into the model, in order to study users’ behavioral intentions in a Web 2.0 environment. We designed two task types of user motivation and conducted our experiment on two Web 2.0 websites. According to the PLS (Partial Least Squares) analysis, this study demonstrated that utilitarian and hedonic purposes had a moderating effect on the relationship between perceived belief and user attitude as well as the relationship between perceived information quality and perceived belief in the Web 2.0 application. The relationship between perceived usefulness and attitude was stronger in the utilitarian user motivation; whereas the relationship between perceived ease of use and attitude was stronger when the user had hedonic motivation to use the Web 2.0 application. We also found that perceived information quality had significant impact on the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.

ECIS2009-0607.R1
DISCUSSION OF FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OPTIONS FOR ONLINE RATING SYSTEMS: A STATE-OF-THE-ART ANALYSIS
AXEL WINKELMANN, University of Koblenz-Landau, Dep. of Computer Science, Inst. for IS Research, Koblenz, Germany;
SEBASTIAN HERWIG, University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany
JENS POEPPELBUSS, University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany;
DANIEL TIEBE, University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany;
JÖRG BECKER, University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany.
Abstract
Ratings are important for building up trust among different parties. Since the arrival of the internet era in the 1990s, countless online rating systems have emerged. For example, Amazon.com established a rating system for books and other products in 1995. Today online rating can be found everywhere, be it e-commerce sites, social networks, and information or recommendation platforms. In most cases, users provide the input to these systems which is then aggregated and directed to appropriate recipients. The increasing relevance of these rating systems forms a new distinct research field with a growing need for research on the design, effects, and validity of rating systems. Hence, we contribute to the body of knowledge by conducting a thorough analysis of the state of the art of online rating systems. We especially focus on the functional design options by analyzing 102 different systems with the help of a criteria catalog of 237 criteria. In this paper, we discuss an excerpt of our findings and present a morphological box that categorizes functional design options for online rating systems.

ECIS2009-0138.R1 - CIBORRA AWARD NOMINEE
CONTROLLING COMPUTER-BASED MULTITASKING THROUGH PROVISIONING SYSTEMS IN CO-LOCATED LEARNING SETTINGS
GREGORY TRUMAN, Information Systems Area, IE Business School, Maria de Molina 12, 4 Derecha, 28004 Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
Computer-based multitasking behaviour has become commonplace, however its efficacy in co-located settings is disputed.  An important question therefore is howcomputer-based multitasking can be controlled when traditional organizational control mechanisms are infeasible or unavailable.  We conceptualize and operationalize computer-based multitasking in terms of on-task and off-task uses.  Our research objective is to examine a provisioning system’s effectiveness with respect to restraining off-task useswhile leaving on-task uses unaffectedin a co-located learning setting.   We conclude that provisioning systems alone are not sufficient to effectively control computer-based multitasking—to restrain off-task use, so it may be advisable to augment provisioning systems with behavioural modification and reform efforts.

ECIS2009-0484.R1
MANAGEMENT COLLUSION: KEEPING THE LID ON THE 'CAN OF WORMS'
POLLY SOBREPERE, Salford Business School, Salford, UK
Abstract
This paper suggests that issues surrounding non-compliance should not be dismissed as resistance but instead should be further studied by managers and developers, leading to accommodation of differing views.   The technological frames of reference strand of social shaping of technology theory is used to overlay the issues arising from a case study looking at non-compliance with information systems.    This procedure highlights underlying antecedent organizational conditions which are likely to underpin non-compliant behaviour.  These antecedent conditions include acceptance, control and roceduralisation. Examination shows that change in these areas is within the remit of managers and yet noncompliance continues and is accepted by managers.  This raises the question not of why or how these behaviours exist, but why they continue to exist in the light of their unmasking and exposure. This paper suggests that non-compliance should not be dismissed as resistance but should addressed by managers and developers leading to a skeleton or framework for understanding problems and developing organisationally aligned solutions.

ECIS2009-0651.R1
GOVERNMENT AND SELF-GOVERNMENT IN IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
IOANNA CHINI, London School of Economics, London, UK.
Abstract 
Research on the information society and the policies and strategies for its creation has tended to discuss them rationally as the national, and occasionally international or regional, responses to changes in the competitive environment. The predominant notion of the information society in various levels of governance has only rarely been critically examined. The paper provides a Foucauldian analysis of the constitution of the information society as a political and policy imperative at the level of the European Union and the multiple effects it had for its member states. Drawing on ideas on governmentality and regimes of truth, I argue that the European Commission continually shaped the rationality and identity of the information society it heralded, by managing to set itself as the legitimate locus of policy for the information society. In revealing the dominant discursive truths about the European information society, the research discusses how the truth claims about the construction of a particular version of the information society and the legitimate loci of its government shaped the degrees of freedom of the Greek policy makers through a range of disciplining and self-
disciplining practices.  

ECIS2009-0420.R1
UNDERSTANDING CITIZENS' BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION IN THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES IN THE STATE OF QATAR
SHAFI AL-SHAFI, Brunel University, School of Information Systems, Computing & MathematicBrunel University, UK;
VISHANTH WEERAKKODY, Brunel University, Business School, UK.
Abstract
Electronic government (e-government) has shown encouraging results in developed countries in the context of delivering electronic information and services to citizens. However, despite the many lessons that can be learned from the experiences of those e-
government initiatives, developing countries are still faced with various issues pertaining to their implementation of e-government services. Like many other developing countries, the e-government initiative in the state of Qatar has faced a number of challenges since its inception in 2000. Using a survey based study this paper describes citizens’ behavioural intention in terms of applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of technology (UTAUT) model to explore the adoption and diffusion of e-government services in the state of Qatar. Analysis of the results indicates that there is significant positive relationship between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and behavioural intention to use e-government services for the citizens of Qatar. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

ECIS2009-0223.R1
DOES THE ANSWER LIE IN COLLABORATION? – A CASE STUDY ON E-GOVER
BJÖRN NIEHAVES, University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, Muenster, Germany;
JÖRG BECKER, University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, Muenster, Germany;
KEVIN ORBACH, University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, Muenster, Germany.
Abstract 
E-Government can be considered the key element when it comes to modernizing public administrations as result to rising demands of citizens towards the provided services. At the same time, the demographic change posed numerous challenges to the development of new strategies. The need for inclusive E-Government, as well as human resource issues and the general reorientation of services require substantial investments. However, depopulation leads to a reduction in tax income, resulting in an imbalance of public budget. Cooperation between municipalities can be a promising approach to reduce costs and thus deal with major challenges of demographic transition in both front office and back office. Our exploratory single case study analysis introduces auspicious solutions related to these aspects and discusses in how far they might be applied to other settings.

ECIS2009-0687.R1
THE (MISSING?) VALUE OF IT IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS - THE CASE OF THE SWEDISH RESCUE SERVICES
JAN LJUNGBERG, Gothenburg University, Dept. of Applied IT, 412 96 Gothenburg;
JANE FRISK, Gothenburg University, Dept. of Applied IT, 412 96 Gothenburg.
Abstract
To actually gain organizational value from investments in Information technology (IT) is a widely known problem that many businesses today struggle with. This paper presents an interpretative case study of three public fire rescue service organizations in Sweden. The aim of the study is to investigate what problematic issues that could be raised in achieving organizational value of IT in public organizations. The study indicates that the absence of strategies and IT evaluation methods create fragmented, uncoordinated IT-investment activities, which in turn creates a frustration at all levels of the organization. The public sector invests heavy in IT,  seemingly with poor management control. The consequences will be misuse of resources and unnecessary high IT costs. We argue that the use of formal evaluation methods would help the situation, but that economic methods are not enough as the sole solution. A combination of the economic and the Interpretative IT Evaluation approach seems more promising in order to capture both efficiency and effectiveness aspects

ECIS2009-0134.R1
A DELPHI STUDY ON COLLABORATIVE LEARNING IN DISTANCE EDUCATION
SUSAN O'NEILL, NUI Galway, Ireland;
MURRAY SCOTT, NUI Galway, Ireland;
KIERAN CONBOY, NUI Galway, Ireland.
Abstract 
Collaborative Learning (CL) is increasingly being used in Distance Education (DE), as it has been identified as an effective solution to known weaknesses such as high average rates of dropout and low quality of learning attainment.  Information Technology is a core component of this type of learning as it not only provides the means to collaborate over distance but also has the potential to enable higher learning outcomes.  There are a rapidly growing number of technologies in use today and the importance of these to collaborative learning initiatives, and the role they play, is an area of active research in the Information Systems (IS) community.  IS educators and practitioners face an increasing challenge therefore to successfully implement CL in DE, precipitated not only from
technical advances but also from wider social and organisational concerns.  Using a Delphi study, this research is the first to investigate the factors that influence collaborative learning in distance education by surveying the opinions of an expert panel in this area.  The aim was to produce an integrated list of the most important implementation factors and to investigate the role technology is perceived to contribute. The findings identified seventeen of the most important factors.  These factors cover a range of themes including course rationale and design, instructor characteristics, training, group dynamics, the development of a learning community and technology. The potential of technology however does not seem to be fully realised and newer technologies such as multi-user environments would seem to be of limited use in practice, according to the expert panel.

ECIS2009-0184.R1
A ‘USES AND GRATIFICATIONS’ APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF WIKI TECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING TEACHING AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
ZIXIU GUO, School of Information Systems, Technology & Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney , Australia;
YING ZHANG, School of Information Systems, Technology & Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney , Australia;
KENNETH STEVENS, School of Information Systems, Technology & Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney.
Abstract
The use of the Wikis in both post-graduate and undergraduate teaching is rapidly increasing in popularity.  Much of the research into the use of this technology has focused on the practical aspects of how the technology can be used and is yet to address why it is used, or in what way it enhances teaching and learning outcomes. A comparison of the key characteristics of the constructivist learning approach and Wikis suggests that Wikis could provide considerable support of this approach, however research into the motivations for using the technology is required so that good teaching practices may be applied to the use of Wikis when utilized in the higher education context. This study articulates a research design grounded in the Technology Mediated Learning (TML) paradigm that could be used to explore teachers and students’ motivations for using Wiki technology to enhance teaching and learning outcomes. Using the ‘Uses and Gratification’ approach, a popular technique used for understanding user motivation in technology adoption, a two-stage research design is set out. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for both information systems researchers and higher education

ECIS2009-0398.R1
E-LEARNING ACCEPTANCE IN WORKPLACE TRAINING: THE CASE OF A GREEK BANK
SPIROS BOROTIS, Athens University of Economics and Business, 76 Patission Str., Athens, Greece;
ANGELIKI POULYMENAKOU, Angeliki, Athens University of Economics and Business, 76 Patission Str., Athens, Greece.
Abstract 
This study presents particular issues concerning the acceptance of e-Learning in a major Greek bank. A generic unified analysis framework is developed based on dominating theories of individual information systems acceptance, integrating also the organizational and work-context dimensions. Concerning the organizational level, management of employees’ development, training culture, and alignment with corporate strategy raise particular significance. On the work-social context dimension, Training Department, branch managers and corresponding supervisors, as well as colleagues, consider the main key stakeholders. Additionally, time resources and work overload appear as critical when designing this type of training interventions. Last, in the individual level, perceived usefulness and ease of use, personal innovativeness with information technology, computer anxiety, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation to learn affect in broad terms the attitudes employees formulates towards e-Learning in this organization. All these issues, in the various aforementioned levels, must be taken into account when designing and maintaining technology-supported training interventions, in order to mitigate resistance and maximize the potential benefits. 

ECIS2009-0192.R1
IT IMPACTS ON OPERATION-LEVEL AGILITY IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES
ONE-KI (DANIEL) LEE, University of Massachusetts Boston, College of Management, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA;
PENG XU, University of Massachusetts Boston, College of Management, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA,;
JEAN-PIERRE KUILBOER, University of Massachusetts Boston, College of Management, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA ;
NOUSHIN ASHRAFI, University of Massachusetts Boston, College of Management, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract 
This study examines the relationship between operation-level agility and firm performance in service industries. The study is augmented by investigating the role of IT resources and competence to achieve this specific type of agility. As of to date, most of the published literature in this stream of research has focused on manufacturing industry. This research is an early attempt to examine the strategic value of IT-enabled operational capabilities in service industry. We propose a theory-based model of the positive relationships among IT service competence, operation-level agility, and firm performance. Survey data of medium to large-size enterprises in service industries in the United States were used to validate the proposed model. The results indicate that operation-level agility is a significant driving force of firm performance in the service industries and that IT service competence significantly determines the operation-level agility. The results emphasize that IT-supported operation-level agility significantly leads to a better performance.

ECIS2009-0561.R1
UNDERSTANDING AGILITY IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH A COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE
XIAOFENG WANG, Lero, the Irish Software Engineering Research Centre, Limerick, Ireland;
KIERAN CONBOY, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland,
Abstract
Agile software development methods have emerged in recent years and have become increasingly popular since the start of the century. While much research claims to study agile methods, the meaning of agility itself in software development is yet to be fully understood. Agility is viewed by some as the antithesis of plan, structure discipline and bureaucracy. This study aims to develop a better understanding of agility, using the key concepts of Complex Adaptive Systems as a theoretical lens. The study explores agility from several different angles, including autonomous team, stability and uncertainty, and team learning. A multiple case study research method was employed. The findings of the study emphasize that agility is manifested as stability and discipline, which are just as desirable as flexibility, and context sharing is of the same value and importance as knowledge sharing. In addition, the collective nature of learning is underlined.

ECIS2009-0642.R1
A CASE STUDY OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN AGILE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
SHARON COYLE, Centre for Innovation and Structural Change, , National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG), Ireland;
KIERAN CONBOY, Centre for Innovation and Structural Change, National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG), Ireland.
Abstract
A principal objective of agile development methods is to reduce risk thereby resulting in more successful and effective information systems. However, while there is an extensive body of academic literature on risk management, very little research has attempted to rigorously apply this as a lens to study risk management in agile development projects. The purpose of this research was to ascertain the extent to which risk management practices are incorporated into agile development projects. A case study was conducted involving a change management consultancy firm whose main business involved the deployment of agile approaches. The study found that while there is a perception that risk management practices are not carried out in agile environments, the extent to which risk management is conducted on these projects is in some cases just as substantial to that carried out on traditional projects. In fact, in this case it appeared that the teams were more rigorous in their risk management than is often the case.

ECIS2009-0168.R1
IN-HOUSE DEVELOPMENT AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR ERP ADOPTION BY SMES: A CRITICAL CASE STUDY
PLACIDE POBA-NZAOU, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, P.O. Box 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada;
LOUIS RAYMOND, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, P.O. Box 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
Abstract 
ERP systems are increasingly accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). If the potential benefits of these systems are significant, the same applies to the risk associated with their implementation. The majority of ERP studies relate to software packages supplied by large vendors such as SAP and Oracle and by smaller vendors; but until now, few have studied the adoption of ERP systems developed “in-house”. Furthermore, few studies have explicitly focused on minimizing the risk of these systems at the adoption or pre-implementation stage. Presenting a critical case study which analyzes the adoption of an in-house ERP by a SME in the agri-food industry, this article proposes and tests a process framework of ERP systems adoption, based upon a literature review and a conceptual framework centered on risk minimization. The study shows that 1) in-house ERP seems to represent a credible alternative for ERP adoption by SMEs, 2) to minimize risk at the adoption stage, a SME can proceed in a rather intuitive and unstructured manner, based however upon certain principles, policies and practices. The successful ERP implementation in this case indicates that it is not always necessary to resort to formalized project management in order to minimize implementation
risk.

ECIS2009-0279.R1
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF BIOMETRICS FOR IDENTITY VERIFICATION IN FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
MILENA HEAD, McMaster University, DeGroote School of Business, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada;
MICHAEL BREWARD, McMaster University, DeGroote School of Business, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada;
KHALED HASSANEIN. McMaster University, DeGroote School of Business, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Abstract
Biometrics can unequivocally verify a person’s identity and, thus, have significant potential to curb the crime of identity theft, which costs individuals, organizations, and society billions of dollars annually.  While financial institutions may be highly motivated to examine the feasibility of adopting biometrics for identity verification, research regarding consumer acceptance of this technology is limited.  This paper proposes and empirically validates a research model for consumer acceptance of  biometric identity verification for financial transactions.  Additionally, conditions of voluntariness and user control are explored for their effects on user attitudes within this context.  Implications for theory, practice, and future research are outlined.

ECIS2009-0641.R1
A EUROPEAN STUDY OF E-BUSINESS MATURITY AND ICT-BENEFITS: IS THERE A CONDITIONAL RELATIONSHIP?
RONALD BATENBURG, Inst. of Information and Computing Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
IOANNA D. CONSTANTIOU, Department of Informatics, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Abstract
The present study explores the relationship between the e-business maturity and the perceived benefits from (Information and Communication Technologies) ICT at the firm level. We aim to debunk this relationship in terms of its strength and stability, and to explore the conditions which may influence it. Taking an economic approach, we hypothesise that the relation between e-business maturity and perceived benefits from ICT adoption will be influenced the costs of intra-organisational adaptations due to ICT.  Using data from an European survey on ICT adoption and e-business maturity of the firms (N=7,072) we show that the correlation between the e-business maturity and the perceived benefits from ICT adoption is indeed positive, significant and stable over countries, industries, firm size and age. Further, the findings confirm the hypothesis that intra-organisational adaptations due to ICT moderate the positive correlation between a firms’ e-business maturity and perceived benefits from ICT. 

ECIS2009-0218.R1
DEALING WITH TIGHT COUPLINGS AND MULTIPLE INTERACTIONS IN COMPLEX TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
MARGUNN AANESTAD, University of Oslo, Department of Informatics, PO Box 1080 Blindern, Oslo, Norwa;
TINA JENSEN, Aarhus School of Business, Department of Management, Haslegaardsvej 10, Aarhus, Denmark;
MIRIA GRISOT, University of Oslo, Department of Informatics, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
Abstract 
In this paper we discuss the challenges of dealing with interdependencies in complex assemblages of heterogeneous and interconnected information systems (IS), which we conceptualize as organization-wide information infrastructures. We draw on Perrow’s studies of complex technological systems, where interactions, mechanisms, and couplings are emphasized. We base our paper on an empirical case study from a Norwegian hospital, where a seemingly trivial project aimed at the introduction of scanners turned out to be more complex than expected. This we claim is partly due to the interdependencies and tight couplings between information systems, actors, and work practices in the hospital environment. The paper’s main focus is on describing what it entails in practice to deal with these interdependencies during and after implementation. We emphasize the work of sorting out and dealing with various types of interactions and couplings.

ECIS2009-0520.R1
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF IT KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION CAPABILITY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEAM PERFORMANCE AND TEAM CLIMATE
LEONARDO CAPORARELLO, Bocconi University Milan, Italy;
STEFANO BASAGLIA, Bocconi University Milan, Italy;
MASSIMO MAGNI, Bocconi University Milan, Italy.
Abstract
The purpose of our paper is twofold: on one hand we draw on the team climate literature to understand how IT knowledge integration capability can be promoted within team-based structures; on the other hand we rely on resource-based view framework for understanding how IT knowledge integration capability affects teams performance, in terms of effectiveness, and efficiency. We tested our research model on a sample of 410 members and leaders of 69 organizational work teams. Results show the critical role played by team climate for favouring IT knowledge integration capability, which in turn affects team outcomes.

ECIS2009-0402.R1
IT-ENABLED CHANGE INTO THE STRUCTURES OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA: A CASE STUDY IN KENYA
ROBERTA BERNARDI, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. 
Abstract
In the recent years most African countries have embarked on a series of reforms involving the decentralisation and also integration of health information systems in order to allow improved efficiency and effectiveness in the health care. However, although the discourse around these issues are reflected in global policy documents of almost twenty years ago, IS are still fragmented and weak at the lower levels of the health service. The paper takes a multivocal and multilevel institutionalist perspective to analyse the role of information technology in shaping these shortfalls between institutional accounts and enactments of reforms. Based on the case study of two divisions of the ministry of health in Kenya, it aims to better understand the change implications of information technology for the structures of a health information system in Africa. This is meant to improve the understanding of the way technology-mediated human interactions produce variance between planned organisational change envisaged in donor-driven reforms of the health care service and unplanned HIS structures emerging from the local institutionally-embedded usage of IT tools

ECIS2009-0250.R1
MICROEMANCIPATORY PRACTICIES IN INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
DUBRAVKA CECEZ-KECMANOVIC, Dubravka, School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, Australian School of Business, , Sydney, Australia;
MARIUS JANSON, University of Missouri-St. Louis, College of Business Administration, Department of Information Systems, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
Abstract  
The paper revisits the notion of emancipation in Information System Development (ISD) that seems to have lost a battle against functionalist and managerialist approaches dominant in information system (IS) research and practice.  Unlike functionalist and managerialist views, the emancipatory view of ISD, informed by Critical Theory, considers ISD as a site of organizational innovation, self-reflection and a struggle for humanization of work and liberation from different forms of domination. Critics of emancipatory project in IS and management literature question the very possibility of the emancipation and deplore its intellectualism, naivety and negativism. The purpose of this paper is to re-consider the notion of emancipatory ISD in the face of these criticisms and develop a more refined and nuanced view of micro-emancipation in ISD that is meaningful in practice. Informed by Alvesson and Willmott (1992, 1996) we explore, question, redefine and ground the micro-emancipatory ISD processes based on a longitudinal (15 year) study of a retail company.  Our analysis and critical reflection demonstrate that micro-emancipatory ISD processes have real substance for the people involved, and that their meanings are neither fixed nor universal, but rather local, emergent, uncertain, and sometimes contradictory. This paper contributes an empirically grounded and practically relevant reconceptualization of micro-emancipatory ISD projects which reveals both its benefits and risks for all involved.

ECIS2009-0256.R1
A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO IS DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-TECHNICAL EVALUATION
SABINE MADSEN, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
RICHARD VIDGEN, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
Abstract 
This paper provides an action research account of why and how UML use cases and socio-technical analysis were combined and used to support the development of an information system, using Multiview/WISDM as the framework of ideas. Significant learning points from, and the motivation for, the research is that a focus on task satisfaction and socio-technical evaluation, rather than on the broader concept of job satisfaction and a full, traditional socio-technical analysis, was more acceptable in practice as it related more clearly to the IS domain. The paper presents a socio-technical evaluation (STE) process, reflects on its application to a particular web-based project, and makes recommendations for its use in future ISD projects. The STE process consists of a task satisfaction survey (TSS), which draws on use cases as a template for investigating users’ perceptions of task efficiency, effectiveness, and enjoyment, supported by qualitative interviews in order to systematically identify, verify, and discuss the users’ problems and improvement proposals before and after IT implementation. The use cases constitute the context-specific, development-oriented link between the work system, systems development, and the STE process, which in turn helps ensure that the main goal of supporting and improving the work system through continuous development and deployment of an IT system is kept in mind.

ECIS2009-0339.R1
TOWARD THE CONCEPT OF POCKETS OF CREATIVITY IN BUSINESS PROCESSES
STEFAN SEIDEL, Inst. of Information Sys., University of Liechtenstein, Fürst-Franz-Josef-Strasse 21, Principality of Liechtenstein;
FELIX MÜLLER-WIENBERGEN, (ERCIS), University of Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
MILAN KAROW, (ERCIS), University of  Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
MICHAEL ROSEMANN, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia; 
Abstract
Creativity-intensive processes such as the development of marketing campaigns or the production of  visual effects increasingly find their way into the agenda of process managers. Such processes often comprise of both well-structured, transactional parts and creative parts that often cannot be specified in terms of their process flow, required resources, and outcome. Moreover, the processes’ high variability sets boundaries for the possible degree of automation. In this paper we introduce the concept of pockets of creativity as an analytic device which is hoped to support process managers in their efforts to identify and describe creative sections in business processes. We argue that this step of identifying and describing is imperative to successfully allocate resources, integrate creativity into the overall process, and introduce process automation for those parts that are well-structured and can actually be automated. Our argument rests in the examination of existent literature as well as in findings from exploratory case studies that were conducted in the film and visual effects industry in order to study processes that rely on creativity.

ECIS2009-0472.R1
THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, WORKPLACE RE-ORGANIZATION AND TRADE ON THE DEMAND FOR EMPLOYEES¢ SKILLS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GREEK AND SWISS ENTERPRISES
EURIPIDIS LOUKIS, Federal ETH Zuric, Switzerland;
SPYROS ARVANITIS, University of the Aegean, Island of Samos, Greece.
Abstract 
This paper aims at investigating empirically at the firm level the effect of the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT), and also of two other factors, the adoption of new forms of workplace organization (which is regarded as a ‘complement’ of ICT), and trade (export) activities (a major characteristic of modern economy), on the demand for employees’ (vocational) education and skills. The study is based on firm-level data collected through a common questionnaire from firms’ samples of similar composition (concerning firm sizes and industries) in Greece and Switzerland; from these data econometric models of similar specification have been constructed for both countries. The results of multivariate analysis show that the intensive use of ICT correlates positively with the employment shares of high-educated personnel and negatively with the ones of the low-educated personnel. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis of ‘skill-biased technical change’. Further, the intensive use of “employee voice”-oriented organizational practices correlates positively with the employment shares of high-educated employees in both countries, and also  negatively with the employment share of low-educated ones only for the Swiss firms. The results for the “work design” organizational practices are more ambiguous. Thus, there is only partial confirmation of the hypothesis of skilled-biased organizational change. Finally, we found some evidence in favour of the trade effect (export activities) only for the Swiss firms. Our results show both similarities and differences in the above aspects between Greece and Switzerland, and indicate that national context characteristics affect the relationship of the demand for employees’ (vocational) education and skills with ICT use, adoption of new forms of workplace organization and trade.

ECIS2009-0596.R1
COUNTERACTING FORCES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF IS-ENABLED GLOBAL BUSINESS PROCESSES
MØYFRID SANNARNES, University of Agder, Service Box 422, NO-4604 Kristiansand, Norway;
BJØRN MUNKVOLD, University of Agder, Service Box 422, NO-4604 Kristiansand;
KIM ANDERSEN, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, DK-2000 Fredriksberg, Denmark.
Abstract 
The international industry of engineering products and services is characterized by high complexity and competition. Corporations that expand globally have experienced that managing interdependent activities and business processes across several countries requires an effective deployment of advanced information technology. Whereas the literature has described implementation of global information systems as a means to coordinate and control the business processes, empirical studies have shown that introducing a large-scale information systems involves several managerial challenges when organizations are geographically dispersed. This paper studies deployment of a global enterprise system to support evolvement of global business processes. On the basis of a qualitative case study of a multinational corporation implementing an enterprise system across several geographical locations, we identify counteracting forces in the process of global standardization of IS and business processes and discuss how the organization try to  manage these forces and challenges therein. The findings suggest that global business processes develop through diverse processes of learning and negotiation between local practices of use and infusion of the global enterprise system.

ECIS2009-0670.R1
AN APPROACH TO ASSESS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN ENTERPRISES
MICHAEL ROHLOFF, University of Potsdam, August-Bebel-Str. 89, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.
Abstract
Business Process Management is an important management practice for business transformation and organizational change. This paper presents a Business Process Management implementation approach in a large international company. It introduces a process  management maturity assessment which was developed to assess the implementation of Business Process Management and the achievements. The maturity model is based on the assessment of nine categories which comprehensively cover all aspects which impact the success of Business Process Management. Some findings of the first assessment round are pinpointed to illustrate the benefits and best practice exchange as a result of the assessment.

ECIS2009-0242.R1
UNDERSTANDING SUPPLIERS’ PARTICIPATION IN BUSINESS-TO-GOVERNMENT (B2G) ELECTRONIC AUCTION MARKETS IN THE THAI CONTEXT
KITSADA DOLPANYA, The University of New South Wales, School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, Sydney, Australia;
LESLEY LAND, The University of New South Wales, School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, Sydney, Australia;
GEOFF DICK, The University of New South Wales, School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, Sydney, Australia.
Abstract
Despite business-to-government (B2G) electronic auction (e-auction) markets being a way for suppliers to create opportunities for market expansion and for trading activities, little has been done to understand the behaviour of suppliers participating in these markets. In this paper, we propose a framework to explain suppliers’ intention to participate, and the level of participation in B2G e-auction markets, which will be tested in the Thai B2G e-auction markets. Low supplier participation has been a major problem in the Thai e-auction markets. We posit that suppliers’ participation depends on organisational motivation, environmental uncertainty, and their capabilities. The conceptual framework draws from the Motivation-Ability Framework, Transaction Cost Theory, Institutional Theory, and Resource-Based Theory. It proposes that four key constructs - efficiency motive, legitimacy motive, environmental uncertainty, and organisational capabilities influence suppliers’ intention to participate as well as their participation level in B2G e-auction markets. The conceptual framework is developed by drawing on our understanding of the Thai electronic auction market as well as from extensive literature. We believe this framework may be useful to better understand the key reasons for suppliers to participate in B2G e-auction markets.

ECIS2009-0507.R1
FOSTERING EFFICIENCY OF COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCE ALLOCATION - INTEGRATING INFORMATION SERVICES INTO MARKETS
NIKOLAY BORISSOV, University of Karlsruhe, Englerstrasse 14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
RENÉ BRUNNER, Technical University of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
DIRK NEUMANN, University of Freiburg, Platz der Alten Synagoge, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;
FELIX FREITAG, Technical University of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
LEANDRO NAVARRO, Technical University of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
CHRISTOF WEINHARDT, University of Karlsruhe, Englerstrasse 14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Abstract 
The application of market mechanisms for the allocation of computing services is a demanding task, which requires bridging economic and associated technical challenges. Even if the market-based approach promises an efficient allocation of computing services, the wide heterogeneity of consumer requirements and the diversity of computational services on provider side are challenging the processes of finding, allocating, and using an appropriate service in an autonomous way. The focus of the most papers is mainly devoted to the optimization embedded in the allocation process itself. However, we think that the optimization process starts much earlier and contains the information gathering until the final market-based resource allocations. In this paper we introduce an integrated framework for market-based allocation of computing services, integrating information retrieval of market information, prediction models, bidding strategies and marked mechanisms. As proof-of-concept, we implemented a first prototype of the framework. Furthermore, we propose a ethodology for evaluating strategic behavior in market mechanisms with bidding strategies using market information and statistical prediction techniques. First simulation results show strategic behavior in selected market echanisms by applying the proposed techniques.

ECIS2009-0284.R1 - CIBORRA AWARD NOMINEE
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED INFRASTRUCTURES FOR RISK/RETURN MANAGEMENT
HANS ULRICH BUHL, FIM Research Center Finance & Information Management, University of Augsburg,, Germany
GILBERT FRIDGEN, FIM Research Center Finance & Information Management, University of Augsburg,16, Germany;
WOLFGANG HACKENBROCH, Hypo Real Estate Holding AG, Munich, Germany.
Abstract
Risk/return management has not only evolved as one of the key success factors for enterprises especially in the financial services industry, but is in the times of the financial crisis crucial for the survival of a company. It demands powerful and at the same time flexible computational resources making it an almost ideal application for service-oriented computing concepts. An essential characteristic of service-oriented infrastructures is that computational resources can be accessed on demand and paid per use. Taking the estimation of covariances for a portfolio of risky investment objects as an example, we propose quantification for the economic value of fast risk/return management calculations. Our model analyzes the influence factors on the optimal computing capacity dedicated to these calculations and reveals interesting insights in how far the optimal computing capacity depends on market parameters. Our main result is that more volatile markets require a lower computing capacity as the optimal computing capacity depends positively on changes of the market risk but negatively on the risk itself.

ECIS2009-0132.R1
BIASED PROJECT STATUS REPORTS: A SURVEY OF IS PROFESSIONALS
RON THOMPSON, Wake Forest University, Babcock School of Management, 7659 Reynolda Station, Winston Salem, USA;
CHARLES IACOVOU, Wake Forest University, Babcock School of Management, 7659 Reynolda Station, Winston Salem, USA;
H. JEFF SMITH,Miami University, Farmer School of Business, 311 Upham Hall, Oxford OH, USA .
Abstract
This paper summarizes an empirical investigation that explored biased project reporting by Information Systems (IS) professionals.  The study is based on a survey of 91 professionals who were involved with system implementations in various governmental agencies. Our investigation assessed the impact of project importance, control, structure, and size on biasing behaviors.  To formulate the research hypotheses for our study, we adopted a Message Exchange Perspective.  The results reveal that IS professionals are more likely to bias their project status communications when working in projects that are (1) large, (2) important, and (3) lack controls.  The practical and research implications of our findings are discussed.

ECIS2009-0426.R1
IS PROJECT EVALUATION METHODOLOGY - SCIENCE OR ART?
FOUAD NAGM, School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, Australian School of Business, Sydney, Australia;
DUBRAVKA CECEZ-KECMANOVIC, School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, Australian School of Business, Sydney, Australia;
MARY ANNE KENNAN, School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, Australian School of Business, Sydney, Australia.
Abstract 
Pre-investment evaluation of information system project proposals persists in being problematic and highly risky in practice. Numerous evaluation approaches and methodologies, offered in the literature, have not contributed to major improvements in practice. As the literature review shows, these methodologies have assumed an ideal of objective and scientific evaluation and taken the view of
methodology as science. In this paper we aim to revisit the notion of IS evaluation methodology in practice and specifically explore the methodology as both the ‘science’ and the ‘art’. We achieve these aims by conducting an Actor Network Theory (ANT) study of IS evaluation in a large financial services company. The ANT study allowed us to investigate the methodology as it is enacted in IS project evaluations in practice without making any a priori decision of what methodology is or should do. By defining a series of processes, inscription aids and mandated checkpoints we found that the evaluation methodology engenders the evaluation process as ‘science’; and by allowing a degree of freedom in conducting the evaluation processes, the methodology is also enabling the evaluation
processes to emerge as ‘art’ and by doing so stimulating creativity and innovation. Thus the ANT approach assisted in our discovery of the dual nature of methodology as simultaneously science and art.

ECIS2009-0697.R1
AN EXPLORATORY EVALUATION OF THREE IS PROJECT PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT METHODS
CORLANE BARCLAY, University of the West Indies, Departments of Computing & Management Studies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica;
KWEKU-MUATA OSEI-BRYSON,  Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Business, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Abstract
Information systems projects play an important strategic role in organisations and are key drivers to the delivery of change. Given this prominence it is essential to find measurement methods that effectively analyse and communicate the performance to its stakeholders. Further, to assure contribution to both research and practice it is essential to verify the utility of the artefacts (i.e. methods) developed to help validate or justify that the solutions are suitable for practice, and fit the needs and contexts for which it is created. Grounded in the design science paradigm, this paper reports an exploratory evaluation of the perception of certain qualities of two recently developed measurement methods (The Project Performance Scorecard and Project Objectives Measurement Model) against the traditional Triple Constraint method. An analytic scenario-based survey of fifty-one (51) participants, comprising of three (3) sets of independent sample of seventeen (17) respondents each was used. The study analysed dimensions of task performance, ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived semantic qualities and user satisfaction from the perspective of the participants. The preliminary study revealed encouraging results for the new methods and the general design process which can help guide current use and further refinements. The limitations of the study and future research directions are discussed.

ECIS2009-0075.R1
USABILITY OF IT-SYSTEMS IS MORE THAN INTERACTION QUALITY - THE NEED OF COMMUNICATION AND BUSINESS PROCESS CRITERIA
STEFAN CRONHOLM, Linköping University, Dept of Management and Engineering, Linköping, Sweden & University of Borås, Business and Informatics, Borås, Sweden;
VINCE BRUNORMIT University, School of Business Information Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
The design and evaluation of IT-systems are usually supported by different usability criteria. Our hypothesis is that criteria are predominantly formulated as supporting interaction between a user and an IT-system. We are claiming that there is a need for criteria formulated at higher levels such as communication and business processes. One example of a criterion formulated at the interaction level is “Visibility of system status” and one example of a criterion formulated at the business process level is “Quality of work”. If criteria is formulated and used on the interaction level only, the impact on design and evaluation can only take place at this level. This choice will also mean that you are only able to speculate whether the IT-system is supporting higher levels. We are not saying that criteria belonging to the interaction level are unimportant; rather we are saying that there is a need for formulating complementing criteria that resides on the communication and business process level.

ECIS2009-0146.R1
USING GROUNDED THEORY FOR STUDYING BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT PHENOMENA
STEFAN SEIDEL, University of Liechtenstein, Fuerst-Franz-Josef-Strasse 21, 9490 Vaduz, Principality of Liechtenstein;
JAN RECKER, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia.
Abstract
 Grounded theory has emerged as a promising research approach for generating theory in emerging and relevant domains of IS research. In this paper we advance the use of grounded theory in one important and under-researched IS domain, business process management, which is characterized by an abundance of conceptual work with very little thorough theory development. We provide an illustrative case study that shows how grounded theory allowed us to develop theories about creative organizational processes, and the influence of creativity requirements on the management of such processes. Based on the experiences gathered, we then suggest a set of key issues that highlight why and when grounded theory can be particularly suitable for the study of phenomena associated with the business process management domain. We also provide examples for other inquiries that could benefit from the use of grounded theory.

ECIS2009-0367.R1
CONSTRUCTING COMPARABLE BUSINESS PROCESS MODELS WITH DOMAIN SPECIFIC LANGUAGES – AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION
JÖRG BECKER, University of Münster, Leonardo Campus 3, 4149 Münster, Germany;
DOMINIC BREUKER, University of Münster, Leonardo Campus 3, 4149 Münster, Germany;
DANIEL PFEIFFER, University of Münster, Leonardo Campus 3, 4149 Münster, Germany;
MICHAEL RÄCKERS, University of Münster, Leonardo Campus 3, 4149 Münster, Germany.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the semantic building block-based approach as a means for improving comparability in business process modelling. It is described whether and why the semantic building block-based approach reduces the variations in comparison to traditional modelling approaches. Our argumentation is grounded on the assumption that business process modelling projects in large organisations have to be conducted in a distributed manner. However, the goal of these projects is to integrate single models into a consistent process landscape. This allows the organisation to mine the processes for potential improvements. A lack of comparability could deteriorate the quality of the process landscape and the analysis performed on its basis. In a laboratory experiment the variations of distributed process modelling in the traditional and the building block-based approach have been compared. Results indicate that the semantic building block-based approach leads to considerably fewer variations between business process models and,
thus, improves the comparability of them.

ECIS2009-0169.R1
KNOWLEDGE CLUSTERS: DEALING WITH A MULTILEVEL PHENOMENON
MAMATA BHANDAR, U21 Global, 5 Shenton Way, #01-01, UIC Building, Singapore;
SHAN PAN, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore ;
BERNARD TAN, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore.
Abstract
The central idea of this paper is to comprehend knowledge integration in inter-organizational IS projects through a knowledge cluster view of inter-organizational IS projects.  The proliferation of such projects combined with the complexity of managing them, motivated this study.  The study is based on a single case study which involves four organizations collaborating on a project. Findings suggest that knowledge integration in inter-organizational projects occurs through knowledge clusters and involves the interaction of complementary specialized knowledge bases within a structure and influenced by the clusters’ perceptions towards the project. Implications of the findings and future research opportunities are discussed.

ECIS2009-0217.R1
CONCEPTUAL CONVERGENCES: POSITIONING INFORMATION SYSTEMS AMONG THE BUSINESS DISCIPLINES
DIRK HOVORKA, Faculty of Business, Technology, and Sustainable Development, Bond University, Gold Coast, AU;
KAI LARSEN, Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA;
DAVID MONARCHI, Information Systems (retired) University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Abstract
The structure and interrelationships of formal knowledge produced in the scientific disciplines have long been of interest to academics. One increasingly important domain of Information Systems (IS) research is the study of the creation and evolution of knowledge. ecent discourse about the intellectual structure of IS has revealed Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) as an analytic technique that reduces problems associated with human categorization and citation analysis. This exploratory research positions IS within a ‘science of business’ using LSA to analyze semantic relationships in 24,841 abstracts from core business journals and begins to chart research concepts around which IS and other business disciplines converge. Results indicate that IS research has greater conceptual similarity to the disciplines of Management, Operations, Strategy, and Marketing than previously thought, and that these disciplines are converging on semantically similar research topics and concepts. This organizational-behavior-technical domain is distinct from an economics focused domain dominated by Finance and Accounting. The convergence suggests that IS is contributing to research and knowledge creation useful to other business disciplines and that strategic and functional dependence among the disciplines is increasing. This potentially leads to more integrated systems-oriented knowledge and greater practical relevance for both IS and other business disciplines.

ECIS2009-0463.R1
AN EXPLORATION OF THE REAL OR IMAGINED CONSEQUENCES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH FOR PRACTICE
DAVID AVISON, ESSEC, Cergy-Pontoise, France;
SHIRLEY GREGOR, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
Abstract
In this paper we attempt to assess the impact of IS research on practice. It is important to show a positive impact, if we can, so that academia, prospective students and the outside world more generally sees that the IS discipline has made a positive and major impact on organizations, people and society. Our research fills a gap as there has been little or no work to date that systematically assesses the effective relevance of IS research to practice. We find that the use of bibliometric indicators to trace the flow of ideas from research published in our top journals to practitioner journals does not detect any strong link between IS research and practice. We suggest several alternative means of assessing effective, rather than imagined, relevance and also consider how more effective diffusion of our IS research might be encouraged.

ECIS2009-0392.R1
A WIKI-BASED APPROACH TO ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE DOCUMENTATION AND ANALYSIS
SABINE BUCKL, Technische Universität München, Chair for Informatics 19 (sebis) Boltzmannstr. 3, Garching, Germany
FLORIAN MATTHES, Technische Universität München, Chair for Informatics 19 (sebis) Boltzmannstr. 3, Garching, Germany
CHRISTIAN NEUBERT, Technische Universität München, Chair for Informatics 19 (sebis) Boltzmannstr. 3, Garching, Germany
CHRISTIAN SCHWEDA, Technische Universität München, Chair for Informatics 19 (sebis) Boltzmannstr. 3, Garching, Germany
Abstract 
Enterprise architecture (EA) management is a challenging task, modern enterprises have to face. This task is often addressed via organization-specific methodologies, which are implemented or derived from a respective EA management tool, or are at least partially aligned and supported by such tools. Nevertheless, especially when starting an EA management endeavor, the documentation of the EA is often not likely to satisfy the level of formalization, which is needed to employ an EA management tool. This paper address the issue of starting EA management, more precise EA documentation and analysis, by utilizing a wiki-based approach. From there, we discuss which functions commonly implemented in wiki-systems could be used in this context, which augmentations and extensions would be needed, and which potential impediments exist.

ECIS2009-0729.R1
SOCIAL CAPITAL IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF GRID DEVELOPMENT IN PARTICLE PHYSICS
YINGQIN ZHENG, Information Systems & Innovation Group, Dep. of Management, London School of Economics, London, UK;
WILL VENTERS, Information Systems & Innovation Group, Dep. of Management, London School of Economics, London, UK;
TONY CORNFORDInformation Systems & Innovation Group, Dep. of Management, London School of Economics, London, UK.
Abstract
This paper examines dimensions of social capital in the distributed collaborative development of the UK particle physics Grid. It is shown that the GridPP project effectively draws upon social capital rooted in the tradition and culture of particle physics experiments, characterized with trust, equality, shared vision, collaboration, and pragmatism. These factors contribute to overcoming the challenges in the creation and sharing of knowledge in the development of the Grid, a cutting-edge technology that has to be delivered as a working system with limited time and resources. This case sheds lights on, and provides a good example of, the importance of social capital in distributed systems development.

ECIS2009-0121.R1
USER-GENERATED CONTENT (UGC) IN TOURISM: BENEFITS AND CONCERNS OF ONLINE CONSUMERS
STEPHEN BURGESS, Victoria University, Australia,;
CARMINE SELLITTO, Victoria University, Australia;
CARMEN COX,Australian Regional Tourism Research Centre, Australia;
JEREMY BUULTJENS, Australian Regional Tourism Research Centre, Australia.
Abstract
The Authors will not be able to present this paper.
This paper examines the views of travel consumers that search for information online in relation to the specific benefits and concerns identified with user-generated content (UGC). Real contrasts in relation to views about UGC content were identified in the literature. For instance, UGC is perceived as being ‘credible’ or ‘not credible’ as an information source depending upon the view of the user.
The paper reports research that examined the use of UGC by online travel consumers, sourced from an Australian tourism organisation’s online subscriber database. The study highlighted a similar range of areas that were seen as benefits and concerns in the use of UGC to support travel decisions as identified in the literature – and also similar contrasts. The most notable of these is the level of trustworthiness and reliability that is associated with the postings – they can be trusted because they are 'real' experiences by 'real' people who are independent – but can also be not trustworthy because the content that is posted may be faked by someone with a vested interest. Similar paradoxes existed elsewhere. One of the theoretical contributions of the paper is the derivation of a matrix for classifying recommendations associated with online UGC.

ECIS2009-0422.R1
MOBILE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL: A FOUCAULDIAN APPROACH
AURELIE LECLERCQ-VANDELANNOITTE.
Aurélie, IESEG School of Management, 3 rue de la Digue, 59000 Lille, France
Abstract
The latest advances in the field of communication tools and networks have led to the development of ‘mobile’ technologies. Mobile technologies provide workers with almost permanent access to their company’s Information System (IS) and continual availability of information in time and space, thereby contributing to the development of “mobile IS.” Mobile IS generate a reconstruction of the relationship between time and space, and act as catalysts of deeper social and human changes, leading to ambivalent effects in the field of management. More particularly, a paradox emerges with respect to mobile IS as they can be considered in turn as instruments of autonomy and freedom or control of distance activities. To what extent are the interactions between mobile IS and organizational actors liable to change the company’s control systems? In this paper, we argue that a Foucauldian approach can enrich our understanding of the evolution of organizational control linked to mobile IS. We present the results of four case studies (based on 85 semi-structured interviews and 10 days of observation). This research shows the relevance of Foucault’s conceptual framework (linking discourses, discipline and ethics) to explore the interactions between IS, the organization and individual actors, in a political perspective.

ECIS2009-0167.R1
DECISION MODELS AND THE ADOPTION OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
GREGORY GIMPEL, Copenhagen Business School, Center for Applied ICT, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Abstract
Many nations boast high broadband internet penetration.  In many of markets, consumers can choose among competing technologies to connect to the internet.  Much research in the IT diffusion domain has been useful for examining the adoption of individual technologies.  This paper explores technology adoption in an environment in which different technologies fill a similar need by focusing on wireless internet access.  This paper uses a series of focus group interviews to analyze the use of  cognitive referencing in the form of reference prices, situational (status quo) framing, and mental accounting as potential determinants of technology adoption.  The findings of this study suggest that adoption decisions are reference-dependent and that researchers should consider users’ referents
when studying adoption in the wireless broadband market.

ECIS2009-0372.R1
ACCEPTANCE PROBLEMS OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES IN HOSPTALS IN INDIA AND GERMANY
TYGE KUMMER, ESCP-EAP European School of Management, Heubnerweg 6, 14059 Berlin, Germany;
MARKUS BICK, ESCP-EAP European School of Management, Heubnerweg 6, 14059 Berlin, Germany;
RAJ GURURAJAN, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, 4350 Toowoomba, Australia.
Abstract 
Ambient intelligence systems facilitate job performance by medical staff in health care services. Several papers detail scenarios in which these technologies may support clinicians in their daily work processes, but their specific characteristics suggest such echnologies also could be useful for surveillance and subsequent control of employees. Until now, only little attention has focused on resolving such issues. On the basis of 16 in-depth interviews with medical staff from three German hospitals, this study identifies a reserved attitude and several acceptance problems among interviewees. The qualitative data indicate 10 hypotheses, tested using a questionnaire study of 215 nurses in training from Germany and India. The investigation of the quantitative data relies on partial least squares modeling to identify and categorise problems with user acceptance of ambient intelligence and mobile systems on various levels. The results of this mixed methods study mainly indicate that German participants assess ambient intelligence much more critically. Consequently, specific strategies for implementing such technologies should be adopted.

ECIS2009-0400.R1
WHY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS NOT BEING USED FOR FINANCIAL ADVISORY
PHILIPP NUSSBAUMER, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland;
GERHARD SCHWABE, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
Abstract 
Swiss banks have returned to their roots and pay an increasing amount of attention to differentiating themselves from others through good financial advisory services. This has led to a loudly publicized standardization of IT-advisory processes, but not to an increasing use of supporting IT tools. This pa- per uses interviews with Swiss advisors, sales managers and IT managers, as well as focus groups of users and a survey with users to identify reasons for non-usage. The analysis is based on a framework combining principal-agent theory, IT-business alignment, technology acceptance and information behaviour. We provide evidence that the key problem explanation is the incentive system of the advisors and that poor usability of the software and lack of engagement by sales managers also contribute to the non-usage of most tools. 

ECIS2009-0037.R1
THE IMPACT OF LEARNING CULTURE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY USE ON KNOWLEDGE-SHARING: A CASE OF KFUPM
MUSTAFA EID, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, KSA;
NURADDEN NUHU, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, KSA.
Abstract
Nowadays Knowledge is regarded as a strategic resource in organizations, and thus the leverage of  knowledge is a key managerial issue. Knowledge creation, sharing and dissemination are the main activities in knowledge management. This study examines the influence the social and technological factors such as learning culture and IT use, could have on knowledge sharing of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) students.  A cross-sectional survey was used as a methodology for data collection and 137 valid responses were collected from all the three categories of students that include graduates, undergraduates and preparatory students. The study shows that there is a significant positive relationship between the student learning culture and IT use on student knowledge sharing.  The study limitations, practical implications, along with directions for further research are discussed.

ECIS2009-0300.R1
TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE – THE STORY OF AN ENTERPRISE SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
ABDUL AZIZ AHMAD, Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;
MICHAEL NEWMAN, University of Manchester, UK; Norwegian School of Economics & Business Administration, Bergen, Norway Abstract
The uncertainties of information system development (ISD) provide many routes that end in poor project outcomes. These uncertainties produce opportunities for IS researchers who are continually exploring the complexities of information system development. In this paper, which is a work-in-progress, we are focusing on the implementation of enterprise systems in three universities in Malaysia.  We adopt a socio-technical process model which provides us with a vehicle to describe an in-depth analysis of the phenomena under examination. By examining the notions of technology and knowledge transfer in ISD, this paper explores the intricate relationships and interactions between its human and non-human actors in the attempts to construct various network alliances. We end with some suggestions for research and practice.

ECIS2009-0768
DIGITAL DIFFERENTIATION, SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINES, AND THE CHALLENGE OF ISOMORPHISM IN INNOVATION: A CASE STUDY
LENA ANDREASSON, Viktoria Institute, Hörselgången 4, 417 56 Gothenburg, Sweden;
OLA HENFRIDSSON, Viktoria Institute, Hörselgången 4, 417 56 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Abstract 
This paper examines the adoption of software product line engineering to implement digital differentiation of physical products. The introduction of such software-based variety can typically be challenging for firms innovating within the realm of a manufacturing paradigm. In particular, the mutual dependency between the organization design and product design of new product developing firms may counteract attempts to induce change through software product line engineering. On the basis of innovation theory and the notion of isomorphism, the paper presents a case study of digital differentiation at one of the world’s largest automakers, globalCarCorp. Relating to the literatures of software product lines and product families, the contribution of the paper is a lens through which to understand the role of isomorphism in implementing digital differentiation in new product development. In addition, practical implications are derived from this in-depth study.

ECIS2009-0326.R1
TOWARDS A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR A HUMAN DEVELOPMENT-BASED “BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID” ICT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN SOUTH AFRICA
WALTER BROWN, Monash SA, 144 Peter Road, Ruimsig, South Africa;
IRWIN BROWN University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa,.
Abstract
There is a wealth of knowledge linking Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) to human development, but Africa’s leaders have not used it well to develop its human capital. The continent has the lowest global levels of ICT diffusion and human development. This paper proposes a way of developing Africa’s vital access to knowledge through ICT, by reviewing and using the human development record of South Africa to develop a research framework for a human development – based ICT development strategy. The framework comprises a research-based bottom-up participative action program that responds directly to the specific information needs of the country’s socio- economically marginalized communities, the so-called “Bottom of the Pyramid” (BOP), by ensuring their maximum participation in the research and development process. The proposed framework draws liberally from the vast accumulated knowledge about human development and its principal tool, the ICTs, especially from Asia where similar development activities are delivering impressive results. The multi-cultural and multi-lingual characteristic of South African society, including its recent socio- political history, presents numerous challenges for balanced human development, but also unique opportunities to build an effective model for improving the usefulness of ICTs for human development in the country and by extension, in Africa as a whole.

ECIS2009-0340.R1
RECOGNIZING WORK PRIORITIES AND TASKS IN INCOMING MESSAGES THROUGH PERSONAL ONTOLOGIES SUPPLEMENTED BY LEXICAL CLUES
ROGER TAGG, University of South Australia, School of Computer and Information Science, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, Australia;
PRASHANT GANDHI, University of South Australia, School of Computer and Information Science, Adelaide, Australia;
RAAJ SRINIVASAN KUMAAR University of South Australia, School of Computer and Information Science, Adelaide, Australia.
Abstract
Email has been recognized as one of the chief sources of the current epidemic of information overload. The work described in this paper is part of an ongoing project to re-focus the attention of information workers on “what needs to be done” rather than “what someone wants us to read”. The approach is to base a software agent that pre-processes incoming email on the user’s “personal ontology”. The ontology used in this work contained two facets, namely Work Topics and Task Types, and also included lexical “clues” whereby, if such a word or phrase is found in the text of a message, the system can infer with a certain probability that a particular ontology concept (class or instance) is relevant. The paper describes the prototype tools developed and some initial trials. Further trials and improvements are planned.

ECIS2009-0638.R1
THE EMERGENCE OF LANGUAGE CONSENSUS - INTENSIFYING LANGUAGE INTERACTION IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
MARIANNE CORVERA VARGAS, Goethe University, Grüneburgplatz 1, RuW Building, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany.
Abstract
As language is the venue for the concretisation of concepts and entities in information systems development (ISD), language unambiguousness is understood as an ideal basis for the success of the consolidation process in information systems development. In contrast, a fundamental postulation of language theories is the inherent ambiguity of natural language. Therefore, the analysis of how language consensus can be reached in an effective manner is of particular interest for collaborative ISD. We claim that the effectiveness of ISD depends on the ability to manage the question of how people deal with language in practice and reach consensus in the concrete ISD process. This requirement leads us to the point of emergence of language: the language interaction setting. Hence,
we analysed the language interaction in an ISD project and identified different language interaction levels which serve as orientation for specific interventions in an interaction setting, enabling an intensification of consensus negotiation. 

ECIS2009-0171.R1
BRIDGING THE GAPS: PACKAGED SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS IN VIETNAM
VUONG NGUYEN, The National Australian University Camberra, Australia;
WALTER FERNANDEZ, The National Australian University, Camberra, Australia.
Abstract
Implementations of advanced information systems in developing countries are often perceived as a way to economical prosperity and modernity. However, even in the best of scenarios implementing major information systems is far from a risk-free activity. The reality of developing countries adds extra complexity to an already demanding endeavor. This study explores socio-technical aspects of an unprecedented technological journey in the Vietnamese banking industry, and thus responds to calls for more empirical research in this field. In this paper we present contextual issues affecting the studied software package implementation project and propose a theoretical framework for a basic social process we called “gap bridging”.

ECIS2009-0362.R1
WHEN STANDARDS IS NOT ENOUGH TO SECURE INTEROPERABILITY AND COMPETITIVENESS FOR EUROPEAN EXPORTERS
STEFAN HENNINGSSON, Center for Applied ICT, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, 2000 Fredriksberg, Denmark;
NIELS BJØRN-ANDERSEN, Center for Applied ICT, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, 2000 Fredriksberg, Denmark.
Abstract 
This paper addresses Information Systems (IS) standards from a managerial perspective. Standards can be seen as behavior regulations where there is a lack of hierarchical and market steering mechanisms. The use of government standards to harmonize IS is complicated, since in comparison to hardware and software products, IS are specific to the context in which they are implemented. Only hardware and software can be pre-fabricated. Based on a comparative case study of implementations of regulation from the European Commission seeking to harmonize European e-Customs, this paper develops a taxonomy of deviation sources for IS standards implementation divergence – reasons why implementations of IS standards differ. In addition to the previously known deviation sources: a) work process, b) data meaning, and c) data model, we found two new potential deviation sources in mode of transfer, and timing of implementation. Furthermore, all these sources seems to be of the nature that even the slightest deviation in any of the areas leads to the standard failing to meet its objective of increased efficiency with detrimental effects to the competitiveness of European exporters.

ECIS2009-0617.R1
DO USERS GO WITH THE NEW WORKFLOW? FROM USER PARTICIPATION TO QUALITY OF WORK DURING WFM DEPLOYMENT
BENNY DE WAAL, Research Centre for Innovation and Business, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, The Netherlands;
RONALD BATENBURG, Institute of Information and Computing Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract 
What determines the involvement of users to ‘go with the new workflow’ in the case of workflow management (WFM) deployment, and how is this related to their perceived quality of work? This key question is addressed in this paper. Customized for our empirical case context – a large Dutch social insurance organization that recently deployed a WFM system – we developed a conceptual model based on the models and concepts of DeLone & McLean, Hartwick & Barki, and Kappelman & McLean. Our model subsequently relates user participation, user satisfaction and quality of work, shortly after WFM deployment. The expected relations are tested by survey data collected from 143 end-users. Results of correlation and regression analysis show that (1) the degree of influence is a key determinant for the perceived quality of the system, (2) perceived system quality is a main driver for user satisfaction, and (3) user satisfaction is a main determinant of the users’ perceived quality of work.

ECIS2009-0131.R1
COMPONENT-BASED PROCESS MODELLING IN HEALTH CARE
LARS BAACKE, University of St. Gallen, Mueller-Friedberg-Strasse 8, CH-9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
TOBIAS METTLER, University of St. Gallen, Mueller-Friedberg-Strasse 8, CH-9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
PETER ROHNER, University of St. Gallen, Mueller-Friedberg-Strasse 8, CH-9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Abstract 
Structural changes and increasing market dynamics in the health care sector intensify the hospitals’ need for cost-savings and process optimization. A first step is the documentation of processes in order to clarify the actual needs. As in health care processes are rather complex and often different players with divergent demands are involved, a disciplined approach to effectively and efficiently model processes is required. For this purpose, in this contribution a component-based modelling approach is presented and applied.

ECIS2009-0621.R1
AN AGENT-BASED APPROACH TO IMPROVING RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN THE DUTCH YOUTH HEALTH CARE SECTOR
ERIK GIESEN, INITI8, Van Nelleweg 1, Rotterdam, NL;
WOLFGANG KETTER, . Dep.of Decision & Information Sciences, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, NL
ROB ZUIDWIJK. Dep.of Decision & Information Sciences, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, NL
Abstract
We show how agent-based simulation is used for analyzing different queuing strategies in the youth health care sector. The simulation model represents an authentic business case and is parameterized with actual market data. We discuss the differences between four queuing strategies which are based on push/pull allocation and centralized/decentralized queuing strategies. The model incorporates, among others, a withdrawal and return mechanism, a non-stationary Poisson arrival process, and a preference algorithm to include a care provider’s case preference. The investigated system accommodates extensive waiting lines which are currently solely judged on their length. We have identified that performance measurement in youth health care should not be focused on queue lengths alone, but should include a case difficulty parameter as well. The simulation results, together with contextual data obtained from stakeholder interviews, indicate that a push strategy with a centralized queue suites the sector best. Most related research in health care focuses on queuing theory which fails to address the complexity of the case. Our simulation approach incorporates additional complexities of the case at hand which turn out to be relevant for the queuing strategy decision. We validate the model and strategies by comparison with real market data and field expert discussions.

ECIS2009-0675.R1
RFID-ENABLED PROCESS CAPABILITIES AND ITS IMPACTS ON HEALTHCARE PROCESS PERFORMANCE: \R\NA MULTI-LEVEL ANALYSIS
MARK LEWIS, Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA;
BALAJI SANKARANARAYANAN, Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA;
ARUN RAI, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Abstract
In recent years, hospitals have begun to invest in RFID systems to control costs, reduce errors, and improve quality of care. Despite the obvious benefits of RFID in healthcare settings, potential obstacles to effective deployment also exist. The purpose of this study is to systematically understand how hospitals can apply RFID to transform work practices and address cost, safety, and quality of care issues, most notably in inventory management. We leverage an interdisciplinary framework to explore adoption and use of RFID at multiple levels of analysis and adopt a multi-method approach to explore the research questions guiding this study. Our study is expected to contribute to a growing body of research related to the adoption and use of IT in healthcare settings and the enabling role of IT for innovating work practices and improving process performance.  

ECIS2009-0047.R1
WOULD I USE MY PERSONAL BLOG FOR COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE?
WEE-KEK TAN, Department of Information Systems, National University of Singapore,
CHUAN-HOO TAN, Department of Information Systems, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
HOCK-HAI TEO, Department of Information Systems, National University of Singapore.
Abstract
Despite the prevalent use of blog for various personal reasons, there is a paucity of research examining the commercialization of blog. Even though it is possible to forge strong buyer-seller relationships among blogger and readers in a blog social network through collective social interaction, a fundamental prerequisite towards blog commercialization is the blogger’s willingness to engage in commercial exchange. Consequently, this paper examines the blogger’s decision making process on using his/her blog for commercial exchange. The decision process involves the appraisal of two novel theoretical notions, namely blog-blogger-reader-product similarity (BBRPS) and perceived reader-negative reaction (PRNR). Drawing on the cognitive-motivational-relational theory, we posit that the blogger’s emotional responses to the two appraisal factors affect how the blogger copes with the exchange situation. The coping strategy adopted by the blogger in turn increases or decreases exchange intention. Results from an experiment we conducted provide support for this model. Specifically, when BBRPS is high and PRNR is low, the blogger would be inclined towards using his/her blog for commercial exchange. Even when PRNR is high, it is plausible for blogger to persist in the use of his/her blog for commercial exchange as long as the negative emotional barrier is not excessively high.

ECIS2009-0273.R1
CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CONTROL OVER ONLINE INFORMATION DISCLOSURE. AN ELECTRONIC FOCUS GROUP STUDY
MIRELLA LÄHTEENMÄKI, Helsinki School of Economics, Runeberginkatu 14-16, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
JOHANNA BRAGGE, Helsinki School of Economics, Runeberginkatu 14-16, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
ANNE SUNIKKA, Helsinki School of Economics, Runeberginkatu 14-16, 00100 Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
This study focuses on consumers’ perception of control over personal information disclosure on the Internet. Specifically, we examine how consumers perceive controlling their personal data that online companies collect for marketing and customer relationship management purposes. We aim to answer this research problem by clarifying 1) how do consumers express the perception of control over their personal information, and 2) how do consumers perceive controlling their personal information disclosure. Our empirical data is based on four computer-mediated focus group interviews. Our findings show that the perception of control is combined with all stages of personal data utilization: collection, storage and usage. Thus, consumers keep these stages in mind when thinking about their
attitudes towards the collection and offering of their personal information. The interviewees also spontaneously mentioned various means with which they control personal data. Perceived trust towards companies, own initiative and permission-based marketing were also combined to the control speech. In summary, the interviewees mostly perceived that they were not controlling their personal data on the Internet. Only when they were talking about control methods of the information disclosure stage, they expressed the perception of control.

ECIS2009-0406.R1
FILE-SHARING – A THREAT TO INTELL
BO ANDERSSON, Lund University, School of Economics & Management, Dep. of Informatics, Ole Römers 6, Lund, Sweden;
PAUL PIERCE, , Lund University, School of Economics and Management, Dep. of Informatics, Ole Römers 6, Lund, Sweden;
MARKUS LAHTINEN, Lund University, School of Economics & Management, Dep. of Informatics, Ole Römers 6, Lund, Sweden.
Abstract 
File-sharing has become synonym with the “digital economy” where large music conglomerates as well as certain artist voice strong concern over the impact on their bottom line. This research analyzes the music industry, which has been heavily impacted by a major technological shift i.e. the invention, and rollout, of the Internet. We look to the technological shift that has enabled the downloading
phenomenon, as well as analyze the uniqueness of the music industries situation. By comparing the book publishing industry as well as the software industry, which are arguably also influenced by intellectual property rights and plagiarism, we try to find similarities as well as dissimilarities with the music industry. We find that the music industry has used alliances as well as Mergers and Acquisitions
in order to consolidate their positions in an attempt to slow down change. There is no consensus on the exact extent of ill effects of filesharing. We point to an unwillingness to achieve convergence of purpose between the IT-community and the much of the music industry. Finally we point to the historical fact that consumers always get what they want in the end, which should indicate a need to
find a viable e-commerce solution. 

ECIS2009-0114.R1
THE ROLE OF BOUNDARY OBJECTS AND BOUNDARY SPANNING IN DATA WAREHOUSING – A RESEARCH-IN-PROGRESS REPORT
HELENA VRANESIC, Goethe University, Grüneburgplatz 1, RuW Building, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany;
CHRISTOPH ROSENKRANZ, Goethe University, Grüneburgplatz 1, RuW Building, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany.
Abstract
Data warehouse projects bring together different communities of practice, with the primary objective of producing one body of information which is capable of comparative advantages in business analysis. Due to the number of involved communities and the complexity of their collaboration, data warehouse projects are costly. In this paper we give a closer look at communication problems on
boundaries between participating data warehouse projects’ communities. Our analysis enlightens the potential relation between the early creation of language communities of the involved communities and lowering data warehouse project development costs. As today, there is hardly any methodology available for analyzing and aligning mutual understanding between data warehouse project participants. In this paper, we propose a data warehouse development scheme for project improvement based on our discussion as a first step in a design science project.

ECIS2009-0387.R1
EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION IN FINANCIAL DATA WAREHOUSING PROJECTS – INSIGHTS FROM A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY
MARC RAEKERS, zeb/information.technology, Schlossstr. 22, 48455 Bad Bentheim, Germany;
CHRISTOPH ROSENKRANZ, Goethe-University, Grüneburgplatz 1, 60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Abstract
Data warehouses play important roles in the IT landscape of the financial industry. Banks have to deal with complex communication issues in financial data warehouse projects. Especially the creation of extraction, transformation and loading (ETL) processes depends on the project team’s communication ability and given communication barriers. We briefly present a theoretical efficiency model based on philosophy of language and the conceptualization of information systems development projects as language communities. We test the model against three case studies to derive evidence for and confirm three propositions leading to suggestions for project management of financial data warehouse projects.

ECIS2009-0615.R1
A COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY MODEL FOR ETL PROJECTS IN FINANCIAL DATA WAREHOUSING
MARC RÄKERS, zeb/information.technology, Schlossstr. 22, 48455 Bad Bentheim, Germany.
Abstract
The financial industry relies greatly on information technology (IT) because of its work with immaterial goods. Nowadays, most information collected by a financial institution is usually stored in a central data warehouse system. This central financial data warehouse (FDWH) is permanently under construction. Requirements from all over the bank have to be met by FDWH projects in an
ongoing process. These requirements need to be communicated to the FDWH project team to do implementations properly throughout the system landscape. Especially the creation of extraction, transformation and loading (ETL) processes depends on the project team’s communication ability and given communication barriers. Enhancing recent research in FDWH a theoretical efficiency model based on philosophy of language and project management fundamentals is built in this paper. The conceptualization of information systems development projects as language communities is an important presumption for this theoretical model. Suggestions derived from this model lead project managers of FDWH projects to more appropriate decisions keeping efficiency drivers in communication in mind.

ECIS2009-0164.R1
CONTINUANCE USAGE INTENTION IN MICROBLOGGING SERVICES: THE CASE OF TWITTER
STUART BARNES, Norwich Business School, UK;
MARTIN BÖHRINGER. Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany.
Abstract 
The emergence of Web 2.0 has brought with it a plethora of social networking technologies. Among these, microblogging has emerged as a new and popular tool for short, frequent communication via Web postings. The most popular microblogging service, Twitter, has established a large user base, in spite of numerous criticisms. This study aims to examine why this is the case. In particular, the study
develops a model of microblogging use continuance based on theories of continuance, habit and critical mass. The model is then tested by means of a Web survey of Twitter users (n=131) and structural equation modelling using the partial least squares technique. The results suggest that continued use intention is strongly determined by perceived usefulness, satisfaction and habit (R2=0.454) which together provide a strong explanation for Twitter user behaviour. Further, critical mass and frequency of prior behaviour, both influenced by social network size, are strong determinants of the habit construct. The paper rounds off with conclusions and implications for future research and practice in this very new area of inquiry.

ECIS2009-0455.R1
BEYOND USER ACCEPTANCE: THE DETERMINANTS OF THE INTENTION TO PRODUCE USER CREATED CONTENTS ON THE INTERNET
HABIN LEE, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK;
WOONJUNG KOH, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea;
JONG KIM, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea;
AHMAD GHONEIM, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK,.
Abstract 
The advance in User Created Contents (UCCs) web sites like YouTube changed the role of Internet users from contents receivers to contents creators; a role which requires more pro-active user behaviour. However, the literature on user behaviour in information technology lacks theories that explain the pro-active user behaviour of producing and sharing UCCs with others on the Internet. This paper aims to reveal the major attributes of Internet users that have a positive impact on the intention to produce UCCs on the Internet. Extant related theories are reviewed to extract major factors of Internet users that lead to the production of UCCs. A questionnaire survey is administrated to 400 sampled respondents in South Korea to test the relationships among the identified factors. The results show that playfulness, self-expressiveness/sharing intention, innovativeness, computing skills and reward have a positive impact on the intention to produce UCCs. In particular, innovativeness turned out to have the biggest impact, while social participation is not a significant factor. Mediator variables such as age, gender and types of UCC also turned out to be playing a role in the causal relationships among the factors and the intention to produce UCCs. A model pertaining to the intention to produce UCCs online is developed and tested. The academic and practical implications of the study are also discussed in details.

ECIS2009-0696.R1
INTENTION TO LEARN IN MMOG: EXAMINING THE ROLES OF PEER INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATIONS
JOSEPH S L KONG, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
RON C W KWOK, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Abstract
Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) is a unique categorization of electronic game which allows thousands of players to play simultaneously through the Internet in the same virtual environment. A number of researchers have started to introduce the use of MMOG as a new generation of educational platform, allowing players to interact and to learn together through collaborative game-play. However, the answers for the occurrence of collaborative learning behaviour and the motivational drivers for learning collaboratively in a MMOG are still under-researched. Motivated by such concerns, this study tests a theoretical model to explain individual’s intention to learn by peer motivations. The model employs motivational theories to propose two external motivational factors, namely peer intrinsic motivation and peer extrinsic motivation, and investigates effects of the two new constructs on MMOG players’ intention to learn individually and intention to learn collaboratively by building on the cognitive learning theory. Based on a study with 94 valid current MMOG player responses, PLS analysis shows that peer intrinsic motivation to play has a significant positive influence on the intention to learn collaboratively, while peer extrinsic motivation to play has a significant positive influence on the intention to learn individually. The results of our findings indicate potential implications to researchers, educators and game developers.

ECIS2009-0345.R1
CONSULTANTS EXPERIENCE OF REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION CONVERSATIONS – AN EMPIRICAL MODEL
BILL DAVEY, RMIT University, 239 Bourke St Melbourne, 3001 Australia;
CHRIS COPE, Latrobe University PO Box 199 Bendigo 3552 Australia.
Abstract
The Authors will not be able to present this paper.
Research continues to show that poor requirements elicitation leads to costly information systems failure. We also know that the most Information can be obtained by a consultant conducting conversations with clients. Research was conducted into consultants’ experience of these conversations. Twenty professionals involved in these conversations were interviewed and Phenomenographic analysis of all of the quotes within transcripts from these interviews was undertaken. The analysis resulted in a list of five distinctly different ways in which these conversations can be experienced by consultants. These are given the labels: domination, manipulation, problem resolution, negotiation and partnership. The labels are attached to a range of attributes where differences were found in the data. These well defined categories of description allow us to structure professional development and to clarify future research efforts.

ECIS2009-0413.R1
SERVICE SCENARIOS - A SOCIO-TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BUSINESS SERVICE MODELING
LARS BÆKGAARD, Aarhus School of Business, Aarhus University, Haslegårdsvej 10, DK-8210 Aarhus V, Denmark.
Abstract
The paper presents and discusses the notion of service scenarios. A service is work done by a service executor in interaction with a service consumer. A service scenario is a model of a service system and the roles that are played by the actors that participate and interact during the execution of a service. The model represents the roles and the interactions between the participants. Service scenarios can be used to model specific services and the roles played by human beings and IT systems in the execution of services. The use of service scenarios is demonstrated by means of a case study in a public library. The case study indicates that service systems should be understood as socio-technical systems in which service executors and service consumers co-create value in mutual interaction with each other and with a set of shared resources.

ECIS2009-0450.R1
AN EMPIRICAL EXPLORATION OF REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING FOR HYBRID PRODUCTS
MARINA BERKOVICH, Technische Universität München, Information Systems (I17), Boltzmannstraße 3, Garching b. München;
JAN MARCO LEIMEISTER, Universität Kassel, Chair for Information Systems, Nora-Platiel-Str. 4, 34127 Kassel, Germany;
HELMUT KRCMAR, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 3, Garching b. München, Germany.
Abstract
In this paper we report on an empirical study on requirements engineering of hybrid products. Hybrid products (often also referred to as product service systems) – a combination of product, software and service elements – are an emerging trend on the market. Companies intend to offer holistic solutions for customer problems and not single products. The development of hybrid products differs from the
development of “classic” products because of the high-level of technological integration of the elements that hybrid products consist of, the interdisciplinarity and the different lifecycles of their single components. We have conducted fifteen expert interviews to explore current practices in requirements engineering in three industries developing hybrid products: automotive, IT-consulting and system integrators, and medical technology. Our results show that most components of hybrid products are developed independently from each other. Based on our empirical insights we have identified requirements and challenges for the design of an integrated requirements engineering process for hybrid products.

ECIS2009-0176.R1
IOS PROJECT MOTIVATION AS A DETERMINANT OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND BUSINESS CAPABILITIES
STEPHEN SMITH, Monash University, Department of Accounting and Finance, Australia, and The University of Melbourne, Department of Information Systems, Australia;
GRAEME SHANKS, The University of Melbourne, Department of Information Systems, Australia;
ROBERT JOHNSTON, University College Dublin, School of Business, Ireland;
MD MAHBUBUR,RAHIM, Monash University, Caulfield School of Information Technology, Australia.
Abstract
Interorganizational systems (IOS) are a relatively common technology in mid-to-large organizations, and much research has been conducted into why firms adopt these systems, and the types of benefits obtained. However, IOS development projects, which is where the adoption becomes crystallized, and where specific ways to use an IOS are made possible, has been largely ignored and so are poorly un-derstood. In this paper, we describe the IOS Motivation Model that explains how motivation deter-mines project activities within the limits imposed by environmental affordances. We argue that motivation — the reason an IOS project is initiated — is a key determinant of the activities performed in a project and, through these activities, the types of business capabilities obtained. Two motivation types, activity control and market position, are explained in detail. Two case studies are then presented to exemplify IOS implementation projects that correspond to these two motivation types, and illustrate more clearly how motivation influences the pattern of activities performed in an IOS project. This is important for firms planning IOS implementation projects and for researchers in understanding the importance of IOS project-level motivation and its interaction with organizational strategy.

ECIS2009-0333.R1
WHAT WE NEED: PROJECT MANAGERS` EVALUATION OF TOP MANAGEMENT ACTIONS REQUIRED FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
OCHINI MADANAYAKE, Australian National University, 224, Sir Roland Wilson Building, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
SHIRLEY GREGOR, The Australian National University, 2056, Pap Moran Building, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
COLLEEN HAYES, The Australian National University, 2045, Pap Moran Building, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
STEVEN FRASER he Australian National University, 1013, Pap Moran Building, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Abstract
Software development projects still fail at an unacceptable rate although prior studies have identified critical success factors needed for project success. This study contributes to the project management literature by providing further insight into the nature and role of ‘top management support’ (TMS), which is widely recognised as one critical factor in the success of software development projects. The
study seeks insight into the nature and role of TMS from the perspective of software development project managers and their perceptions of actions required by top management in facilitating project success. A qualitative case-based approach was employed. Sixteen top management ‘actions’ are identified, and subsequently framed by a conceptual model consisting of three top management roles: strategy, facilitate and lead. The study represents the first stage of an ongoing research program. The model will be tested in the Asia-Pacific region in the second stage. The expected final outcome of the research program is a framework that will support project environments by defining top management actions needed to support a software development project in different stages of the life of a project.

ECIS2009-0469.R1
FROM BUSINESS CASE TO VALUE CASE - ASSESSING THE ORGANIZATIONAL VALUE OF IT INVESTMENTS
JANE FRISK. Applied Information Technology, Gothenburg University, Sweden
Abstract 
Managers continually invest in new information technology (IT) but the question of organizational value still seems vague. One explanation is poor evaluation. In practice the Business Case including Return on Investment (ROI) still dominate. Information System research has noted for a long time that the Economic Approach is not sufficient and instead the Interpretative IT Evaluation Approach has been put forward. However, the approach has reached limited acceptance in practice and it has been noted that what to evaluate is a far more complex process than might first appear. The aim of this study is to articulate factors and criteria that are important to consider when assessing the organizational value of IT investments. This study is part of a Collaborative Practice Research project that took place 2005-2008 at three public organizations. The findings indicate that it is time to take a step from a Business Case to a Value Case. The Value Case is a pluralistic, a formative and a formalized approach that includes factors and criteria that have its base in prior research and have been further discussed and analyzed by the respondents. The Value Case also put management’s attention to effectiveness and efficiency, the task of management. 

ECIS2009-0040.R1
CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN THE PRACTICE OF HIGH-LEVEL DATA MODELING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
BARBARA ANGLIM, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia;
SIMON MILTON, ^Department of Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia,
JAYANTHA RAJAPAKSE, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia;
RON WEBER. Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia.
Abstract
Many organizations now purchase and customize software rather than build information systems.  In this light, some argue that high-level data modeling no longer has a role.  In this paper, we examine the contemporary relevance of high-level data modeling.  We addressed this issue by asking 21 experienced data-modeling practitioners to reflect on their work and to give their opinions on trends
and future directions in high-level data modeling.  We analyzed transcripts of our interviews with them using Klein and Myers’s (1999) framework for qualitative research.  We found considerable variation in the practice of high-level data modeling.  We also found that high-level data modeling is still considered important, even though organizations ultimately may purchase off-the-shelf software.  The reason is that high-level data modeling assists organizations to obtain clarity about IT project scope and requirements, thereby reducing the risk that costly implementation mistakes will be made.

ECIS2009-0573.R1
TOWARDS INCREASED COMPARABILITY OF CONCEPTUAL MODELS - ENFORCING NAMING CONVENTIONS THROUGH DOMAIN THESAURI AND LINGUISTIC GRAMMARS
JÖRG BECKER, University of Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
PATRICK DELFMANN, University of Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
SEBASTIAN HERWIG, University of Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
LUKASZ LIS, University of Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
ARMIN STEIN, University of Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Abstract
Distributed construction of conceptual models may lead to a set of problems when these models are to be compared or integrated. Different kinds of comparison conflicts are known (e.g. naming conflicts or structural conflicts), the resolution of which is subject of different approaches. However, the ex-post resolution of naming conflicts raises subsequent problems that origin from semantic diversities of namings – even if they are syntactically the same. Therefore, we propose an approach that allows for avoiding naming conflicts in conceptual models already during modelling. This way, the ex-post resolution of naming conflicts becomes obsolete. In order to realise this approach we combine domain thesauri as lexical conventions for the use of terms, and linguistic grammars as conventions for valid phrase structures. The approach is generic in order to make it reusable for any conceptual modelling language.

ECIS2009-0656.R1
A NOVEL DATA QUALITY METRIC FOR TIMELINESS CONSIDERING SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
BERND HEINRICH,  Department of Information Systems, University of Innsbruck, Universi-taetsstrasse 15, A,Innsbruck, Austria,;
MATHIAS KLIER, Department of Information Systems, University of Innsbruck, Universitaetss-trasse 15, A.Innsbruck, Austria.
Abstract
It is intensively discussed in both science and practice how data quality (DQ) can be assured and im-proved. The growing relevance of DQ has revealed the need for adequate metrics because quantifying DQ is essential for planning quality measures in an economic manner. This paper analyses how DQ can be quantified with respect to the DQ dimension timeliness. Based on an existing approach, we de-sign a new metric to quantify timeliness in a well-founded manner that considers so-called supplemen- tal data (supplemental data are additional data attributes that allow drawing conclusions about the timeliness of the data attribute considered). In addition, it is possible to take the values of the metric into account when calculating expected values, an advantage that in turn leads to improved and com-prehensible decision support. We evaluate the presented metric briefly with regard to requirements for designing DQ metrics from literature. Then, we illustrate the metric’s applicability as well as its prac-tical benefit. In cooperation with a financial services provider, the metric was applied in the field of customer valuation in order to support the measurement of customer lifetime values.

ECIS2009-0630.R1
STORYTELLING AS A TOOL FOR KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN THE IT INDUSTRY
ERIK WENDE, University of Zurich, Department of Informatics, Binzmühlstr. 14, CH-Zurich, Switzerland;
PARISSA HAGHIRIAN, Shophia University, 7-1 KIOI-CHO, CHIYODA-KU, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract 
As organizations increase their offshore software development efforts, they must develop new methods and models for handling the vast amount of knowledge involved in these projects. Successful knowledge management and transfer is considered key to the success of contemporary organizations. When transferring knowledge to other operating units of a multi national company, the overall goal is
to successfully implement the knowledge sent to the receiver. Cultural differences however, can interfere with successful knowledge management intentions. This paper investigates storytelling as a tool to transfer knowledge between global corporate units. A case study on how this instrument is used to communicate knowledge between a German and an Indian IT company gives first insights into
factors that influence implementation success.

ECIS2009-0730.R1
KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN ONLINE COMMUNITIES
ZHAOLI MENG,  Renmin University, School of Information, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China;
JIONG GONG University of International Business and Economics, School of International Trade and Economics, Deapartment of Economics, Beijing, P. R. China.
Abstract
This paper investigates online knowledge sharing behaviour in Baidu Knows, a platform sponsored by the largest search engine company Baidu in China. We developed a spider engine to collect data from over 2 million questions posted at Baidu Knows. The data collected allows us to profile registered members, to answer questions such as who are the main driving force of those online communities and their attributes, and who are the free-riders seldom posting and answering questions. We also test several hypotheses in explaining the motivations of knowledge sharing, and the quality of such knowledge sharing. Our results indicate that there is a large proportion of users who seldom answer questions, but always ask questions. Although their behaviour seems selfish at the surface, they are actually the key factors driving the growth of online knowledge sharing communities.

ECIS2009-0737.R1
USE OF BLOGS FOR COLLABORATION IN ORGANIZATIONS
DINESH MIRCHANDANI, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA;
THANAPORN SUNDARAVEJ, University of Arizona, 1130 E. Helen St., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;
JIESI CHENG, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
Abstract
Blogs are increasingly being used as collaboration tools in organizations. However the quality and accuracy of the posted messages in them are still causes for concern. This study proposes a research model to investigate the factors affecting trust in posted messages and the influence of such trust on knowledge use. It suggests that users’ intention to use trusted messages can act as a moderator variable in the relationship between trust and use of the collaboration tool.

ECIS2009-0017.R1
PROBLEM SOLVING PATTERNS IN DESIGN SCIENCE RESEARCH – LEARNING FROM ENGINEERING
ANKE GERICKE. Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, Müller- Friedberg-Strasse 8, St. Gallen, Switzerland
Abstract
Within information systems the design science research (DSR) paradigm aims at the development of useful artifacts, e.g. models or methods, with which relevant IS problems can be solved. In analogy to the engineering discipline construction processes have been proposed for DSR. Although different phases of such construction processes are explicated in several articles, contributions are missing that propose patterns/principles that support the constructor during the different phases of the construction process. Vaishnavi and Kuechler (2007) address this issue by proposing DSR patterns. Their contribution is a substantial one; however, it does not include comparable pattern approaches from the engineering discipline for the foundation of the proposed patterns. Bearing in mind that DSR has its roots in engineering, it is important to analyze so called problem solving patterns from engineering and to compare them to the DSR patterns. Using this as a basis, it is our research goal to examine whether it is possible to expand the existing DSR patterns to include patterns from engineering. As a result, 14 additional DSR patterns are proposed which originate from engineering,far, but promise to be useful for DSR in information systems.

ECIS2009-0424.R1 - BEST PAPER NOMINEE
ACTION RESEARCH AND DESIGN SCIENCE RESEARCH – SEEMINGLY SIMILAR BUT DECISIVELY DISSIMILAR
JUHANI IIVARI, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 30000, SF-90014 Oulu, Finland;
JOHN VENABLE, School of Information Systems, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia.
Abstract 
Prior research has identified the similarity of Action Research (AR) and Design Science Research (DSR). This paper analyses AR and DSR from several perspectives, including paradigmatic assumptions of ontology, epistemology, methodology, and ethics, their research interests, and activities. We identify that often AR does not share the paradigmatic assumptions and the research interests of DSR, that some activities in DSR are always mutually exclusive from AR, and that there may be no, little, or significant (but not total) overlaps between AR and DSR. Thus we judge that AR and DSR are decisively dissimilar. We further identify several key problems with combining AR and DSR based on the ethical requirement of researchers to identify and manage risks to research stakeholders. Management of such risks is done by careful disclosure, identifying research limitations or by choosing alternative methods than AR for accomplishing DSR.

ECIS2009-0676.R1
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS OF DESIGN RESEARCH ARTEFACTS
CHRISTIAN FISCHER, University of St.Gallen, Inst. of Information Management, Müller-Friedberg-Strasse8,St. Gallen, Switzerland;
STEPHAN AIER. University of St.Gallen, Inst. of Information Management, Müller-Friedberg-Strasse8,St. Gallen, Switzerland
Abstract
In parallel to widely accepted behavioural research, Design Research (DR) has emerged in Information Systems. Nonetheless, the debate about the scientificity of DR is still ongoing. In the course of this debate, the role of scientific progress has hardly been discussed. But, doubtlessly, scientific progress is regarded as one of the main aims of science; science can even be defined by scientific progress. Philosophy of science has therefore developed a variety of concepts for scientific progress mostly adapted to explanatory and/or predictive theories. Nonetheless, the output of DR differs from those theories; therefore, concepts developed cannot be applied to DR without further ado. In this paper, we propose a first concept for scientific progress of DR artefacts. Because of the complexity of the field we firstly restrict to the research question: What is scientific progress of DR artefacts? Progress is commonly defined as a transition from step A to B whereby B is “better” than A. The aim of our research is to identify criteria for concretizing what is “better” in the context of DR and to define criteria of progressive DR artefacts. We thereby identified the following five criteria: utility, internal consistency, external consistency, scope, and efficiency.

ECIS2009-0001.R1
GAME-THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF PAY-AS-BID MECHANISMS
THOMAS MEINL, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Englerstr. 14, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;
JOCHEN STÖSSER, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Englerstr. 14, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;
DIRK NEUMANN, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Platz der Alten Synagoge, Freiburg, German
Abstract
Enterprises are facing a challenging dilemma. In order to be able to accommodate peak loads on their IT systems, they must maintain large computing clusters, which lie idle most of the time. At the same time, IT departments are under constant pressure to cut down on hard- and software expenses. Grid technology offers a promising way out of this dilemma by allowing the dynamic sharing both within
enterprises as well as across organizational boundaries. This sharing approach, however, requires proper economic incentives. This paper is concerned with the determination of dynamic market-based prices. Due to their simplicity, so-called pay-as-bid mechanisms have become popular. This paper is novel as we provide an in-depth analysis of two such pay-as-bid mechanisms – Proportional Share
and a discriminatory pay-as-bid mechanism – for the case of three users, thus extending previous work by Sanghavi and Hajek (2004) and Stößer et al. (2008). This analysis is important as we show that the nice results for two users cannot be retained once three or more users are present. Even worse, we show that these results can even be reversed if we move to games with more than two players.

ECIS2009-0026.R1
ALGORITHMIC TRADING ENGINES VERSUS HUMAN TRADERS - DO THEY BEHAVE DIFFERENT IN SECURITIES MARKETS?
MARKUS GSELL, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Grüneburgplatz 1, RuW Box 69, D-60629 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
PETER GOMBER. Goethe-University Frankfurt, Grüneburgplatz 1, RuW Box 69, D-60629 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
Abstract 
After exchanges and alternative trading venues have introduced electronic execution mechanisms worldwide, the focus of the securities trading industry shifted to the use of fully electronic trading engines by banks, brokers and their institutional customers. These Algorithmic Trading engines enable order submissions without human intervention based on quantitative models applying historical and real-time market data. Although there is a widespread discussion on the pros and cons of Algorithmic Trading and on its impact on market volatility and market quality, little is known on how algorithms actually place their orders in the market and whether and in which respect this differs form other order submissions. Based on a dataset that –  for the first time – includes a specific flag to enable the identification of orders submitted by Algorithmic Trading engines, the paper investigates the extent of Algorithmic Trading activity and specifically their order placement strategies in comparison to human traders in the Xetra trading system. It is shown that Algorithmic Trading has become a relevant part of overall market activity and that Algorithmic Trading engines fundamentally differ from human traders in their order submission, modification and deletion behavior as they exploit real-time market data and latest market movements.

ECIS2009-0072.R1
COORDINATING SERVICE COMPOSITION
BENJAMIN BLAU, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Germany;
TOBIAS CONTE, Research Center for Information Technology (FZI), Karlsruhe, Germany;
THOMAS MEINL, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Germany.
Abstract
The fundamental paradigm shift from traditional value chains to agile service value networks implies new economic and organizational challenges. As coordination mechanisms, auctions have proven to perform quite well in situations where intangible and heterogeneous goods are traded. Nevertheless traditional approaches in the area of multiattribute combinatorial auctions are not quite suitable to enable the trade of composite services. A flawless service execution and therefore the requester's valuation highly depends on the accurate sequence of the functional parts of the composition, meaning that in contrary to service bundles, composite services only generate value through a valid order of their components. We present an abstract model as a formalization of a service value network. The model comprehends a graph-based mechanism design to allocate multiattribute service offers within the network, to impose penalties for non-performance and to determine prices for complex services. The mechanism and the bidding language support various types of QoS attributes and their (semantic) aggregation. We analytically show that this variant is incentive compatible with respect to all dimensions of the service offer (quality and price).

ECIS2009-0685.R1
UNDERSTANDING THE MANIFOLD FORMS OF B2B INTEGRATION - A TRANSACTION COST PERSPECTIVE
CHRISTINE LEGNER.European Business School (EBS), Rheingaustr. 1, 65375 Oestrich-Winkel, Germany,
Abstract  
The need for collaboration within value chains is rapidly increasing and drives enterprise to align and electronically integrate their business processes with their business partners. As technologies evolve, manifold forms of B2B integration have emerged – from e-mail communication to customer or supplier portals, the exchange of EDIFACT- to XML documents, and Web Services. Although service- oriented architectures (SOA) are considered the future of inter-organizational linkages, no empirical studies have been found which surveyed the impact of SOA on B2B integration costs and benefits. From a research perspective, we still lack a systematic analysis that explains how a specific B2B integration technology impacts the effectiveness of B2B integration.  Building on transaction cost theory, this research analyzes the different forms of B2B integration with regard to their impact on connectivity and coordination costs. Based on a field study from the automotive industry, it demonstrates that there is economic rationale for preferring supplier portals to machine-to-machine integration based on EDIFACT or XML messages. Compared to prior technologies, SOA reduces the costs of external integration by eliminating separate B2B integration infrastructures and improving connectivity of internal applications. However, we find that prior literature tends to overestimate the impact of open Internet and Web service technologies on connectivity costs.

ECIS2009-0747.R1
E-DISPUTES AT THE CROSSROADS: A STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS OF ON-LINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS (ODR)
AIKATERINA SIDIROPOULOU, Middlesex University, Law Dep., The Burroughs, Hendon, London, UK;
EVANGELOS MOUSTAKAS, Middlesex University, Marketing and Enterprise Dep. The Burroughs, Hendon, London, UK.
Abstract 
The growth in e-commerce has been accompanied by a large number of disputes related to the online commercial interactions causing high litigation expenses and outstanding delays during the decision process. The distinct of such disputes in e-commerce have also led to the growth of online dispute resolution mechanisms, popularly known as ODR. In this paper, we provide an exploratory understanding and conceptualization of ODR. Based on the critical characteristics of ODR, we identify the various types of on-line transactions where ODR could be used and highlight its positive contribution in tackling these problems. Furthermore, we identify the key stakeholders as well as the secondary players in the ODR process and enunciate the roles played by them in order to move towards the development of an effective international on-line dispute resolution framework.

ECIS2009-0182.R1
DEVELOPING PUBLIC E-SERVICES FOR SEVERAL STAKEHOLDERS – A MULTIFACETED VIEW OF THE NEEDS FOR AN E-SERVICE
KARIN AXELSSON, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems, Linköping, Sweden & Swedish Business School at Örebro University, Informatics, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden;
ULF MELIN, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems, Linköping, Sweden;
IDA LINDGREN, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems, Linköping, Sweden.
Abstract
This paper discusses how several stakeholders in a public e-service development project consider a future e-service and expected changes in administrative processes and working routines. Our findings indicate a much more multifaceted view than the common win-win situation, with increased quality for citizens and increased efficiency for agencies, which is rhetorically put forth as an effect of public e-service implementation. We have studied a development project resulting in an e-service for handling student anonymity when marking written exams in higher education. In this case we have identified five distinct stakeholder groups related to this e-service; students, teachers, course administrators, exam guards, and the university at an agency level. All of them having certain expectations and fears about the new situation. By presenting this diversity in opinions we add further understanding to the notion of e-services as being more or less beneficial for certain stakeholders.

ECIS2009-0408.R1
INNOVATION IN VIRTUAL WORLDS: SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND DIFFUSION
NIAMH O RIORDAN, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;
FREDERIC ADAM, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland;
PHILIP O'REILLY, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
Abstract 
This research-in-progress paper investigates the impact of social structures in virtual worlds (VWs) on the diffusion of innovations within them. Research has illustrated that innovation diffusion takes place within virtual worlds. VWs facilitate the emergence of purposeful communities which support the (often real-world) activities of their members including the development and adoption of innovations. Thus, VWs alter the social structures in which their users are embedded and the manner in which they communicate, both of which are thought to influence the diffusion of technical innovations amongst individuals. Though technical innovation is at the heart of Information Systems (IS) research, empirical research investigating innovation in the networked age is in its infancy. Thus, this paper presents a framework of propositions in relation to the impact of social structures on the diffusion of innovations within VWs and proposes the use of social network analysis to investigate these propositions.

ECIS2009-0531.R1
A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING SERVICE ECOSYSTEM CAPABILITIES TO INNOVATE
CHRISTOPH RIEDL, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
TILO BÖHMANN, International Business School of Service Management, Hans-Henny-Jahnn- Weg 9, 22085 Hamburg,  Germany;
JAN MARCO LEIMEISTER, Universität Kassel, Nora-Platiel-Str. 4, 34127 Kassel, Germany;
HELMUT KRCMAR, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany .
Abstract
Electronic services delivered over the Internet are gaining importance in the business world. This area has seen an increase in scientific interest over the past years under the labels “Internet of Services” and Web-service ecosystems. The paper develops a conceptual framework of actors and their roles in an open innovation system for a networked ecosystem of Web-services. The framework illustrates how open innovation can be implemented in a Web-service ecosystem to increase innovation performance. Simultaneously this research closes a conceptual gap in current reasoning about Web-service ecosystems that neglects innovation processes. The utility of the framework is demonstrated by two case studies of Web-service ecosystems in which the framework was used to identify gaps in the implementation of open innovation processes. Our research results identify specific functions to support innovation processes.

ECIS2009-0120.R1
SOURCES OF IT DYNAMIC CAPABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF DATA GENESIS CAPABILITY
CLAUDIO VITARI, Grenoble Ecole de Management, France.
Abstract
Dynamic Capabilities are often considered as the factor justifying the different degrees of success of organizations in turbulent environment. However Dynamic Capability development remains a difficult issue to research, with a paucity of work directly addressing this question, despite its importance. The explanation of the sources of Dynamic Capabilities would give organizations the instruments to rationally improve their chance of success and to more likely sustain their competitive advantage. We contribute to the emerging literature on Information Technology (IT) Dynamic Capability by proposing a research framework grounded in the three sources of Dynamic Capabilities: organizational processes, firm history and firm’s assets. Our model takes into consideration also the moderating role played by environmental turbulence on Dynamic Capability and on process performance. In this contribution we lay the theoretical and methodological groundwork and we foresee the test of the model using Data Genesis (DG) capability as the context. DG is the Dynamic Capability of (1) choosing IT to unobtrusively generate and capture data in digital form, (2) integrating the technology in the appropriate business processes, and (3) managing the digital data so captured

ECIS2009-0087.R1
HOW TO SELECT MEASURES FOR DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS – AN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH INTEGRATING INFORMATIONAL AND ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES
MAXIMILIAN RÖGLINGER. FIM, Dep. of Information Systems Engineering & Financial Management, University of Augsburg, Germany
Abstract 
It is still an open issue of designing and adapting (data-driven) decision support systems and data warehouses to determine relevant content and in particular (performance) measures. In fact, some classic approaches to information requirements determination such as Rockart’s critical success factors method help with structuring decision makers’ information requirements and identifying thematically appropriate measures. In many cases, however, it remains unclear which and how many measures should eventually be used. Therefore, an optimization model is presented that integrates informational and economic objectives. The model incorporates (statistic) interdependencies among measures – i. e. the information they provide about one another –, decision makers’ and reporting tools’ ability of coping with information complexity as well as negative economic effects due to measure selection and usage. We show that in general the selection policies of all-or-none or the-more-the-better are not reasonable although they are often conducted in business practice. Finally, the model’s application is illustrated by the German business-to-business sales organization of a global electronics and electrical engineering company as example.

ECIS2009-0290.R1
JUSTIFYING DESIGN DECISIONS WITH THEORY-BASED DESIGN PRINCIPLES
MICHAEL SCHERMANN, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 3, 85748 Garching, Germany;
ANDREAS GEHLERT, University of Duisburg-Essen, Schützenbahn 70, 45117 Essen, Germany;
HELMUT KRCMAR, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 3, 85748 Garching, Germany;
KLAUS POHL, University of Duisburg-Essen, Schützenbahn 70, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Abstract
Although the role of theories in design research is recognized, we show that little attention has been paid on how to use theories when designing new artifacts. We introduce design principles as a new methodological approach to address this problem. Design principles extend the notion of design rationales that document how a design decision emerged. We extend the concept of design rationales by using theoretical hypotheses to support or object to design decisions. At the example of developing a new conceptual modeling grammar we demonstrate two main benefits of using design principles. First, the link between theory and design decision enables the design researcher to reason about the resulting behavior of the IT artifact prior to instantiation. Second, design principles allow deducing empirically testable hypotheses to foster the rigorous evaluation of IT artifacts.

ECIS2009-0364.R1
APPLYING THEORY-BUILDING TECHNIQUES TO THE DESIGN OF MODELLING LANGUAGES
JÖRG BECKER, University of Münster, Leonardo Campus 3, 4149 Münster, Germany;
MILAN KAROW, University of Münster, Leonardo Campus 3, 4149 Münster, Germany;
FELIX MÜLLER-WIENBERGEN, University of Münster, Leonardo Campus 3, 4149 Münster, Germany;
DANIEL PFEIFFER, University of Münster, Leonardo Campus 3, 4149 Münster, Germany;
STEFAN SEIDEL, University of Liechtenstein, Fürst-Franz-Josef-Strasse, 9490 Vaduz, Principality of Liechtenstein .
Abstract
In their 2004 paper Hevner et. al proposed a set of guidelines for conducting design science research projects in the IS discipline. While useful, these guidelines have a relatively high level of abstraction. However, various IT artifacts such as models, methods, techniques and implementations require IS researchers to apply differing methods in order to construct and evaluate purposeful artifacts respectively. In this paper we discuss a particular class of IT artifacts: conceptual modeling languages. As constituent parts of software development methods, a multitude of such languages has been proposed and discussed. Yet, in the related literature on method design only little guidance is provided on how to derive appropriate conceptual modeling languages from empirical data. We believe that “good methods” need to be rigorously grounded in empirical findings. Taking a look at the related literature on inductive theory building reveals that at there are prominent similarities between the elements that constitute theories and those that constitute conceptual modeling languages: whereas theories comprise of constructs and relationships between these, conceptual modeling languages comprise of language constructs and relationships among these. We draw from the body of literature on grounded theory building and propose a new approach to designing conceptual modeling languages.

ECIS2009-0014.R1
GREEN IT: EVERYTHING STARTS FROM THE SOFTWARE
EUGENIO CAPRA Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, via Ponzio 34/5, 20133, Milano, Italy;
FRANCESCO MERLO, Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, via Ponzio 34/5, 20133, Milano, Italy .
Abstract 
In this position  paper we discuss the importance of Green IT as a new research field that investigates all the environmental and energy issues related to IT and information systems in general. In particular we focus on the energy consumption of software applications, which is amplified by all the above IT layers in a data center and thus is worth a greater attention. By adopting a top-down approach, we address the problem from a logical perspective and try to identify the original cause that leads to energy consumption, i.e. the elaboration of information.  We propose a research roadmap to identify a set of software complexity and quality metrics that can be used to estimate energy consumption and to compare specific software applications.

ECIS2009-0477.R1
ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILTY AND GREEN IT: AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
MARY DALY;
TOM BUTLER.
Abstract
A recent Gartner Research report found that environmental concerns are increasingly exercising the minds of business and IT executives. This is reflected in the growing interest in the adoption of environmentally responsible approaches to the deployment, operation and use of IT. However, for the majority of firms, issues of cost reduction and energy efficiency appear to predominate. This paper argues that whether it is an interest in Green IT or in cost reduction, the concerns of business and IT managers are modulated by regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive influences in the institutional environment. The study therefore applies institutional theory to develop a series of theoretical propositions which specify the effect that such influences have in shaping environmental responsibility in organisations. Important as such a theoretical contribution may be, there are, however, the pressing practical imperatives of formulating Green IT strategies, achieving energy efficiencies, and reducing carbon footprints—thus, the study also contributes to a practical understanding of the complex institutional influences at play in shaping such imperatives.

ECIS2009-0022.R1
COLLABORATIVE SOURCING – THE MOTIVATION AND DESIGN OF DEMAND SIDE COMBINATIONS
MARK BORMAN.
The University of Sydney, Room 422 Building H69, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Abstract
Collaborative sourcing is defined as a group of organisations combining on the demand side as part of the outsourcing process. Based upon a synthesis of the outsourcing and collaboration literatures, this paper seeks to examine both the benefits of collaborative sourcing and the options available. A series of case studies identifies that a number of alternative collaborative sourcing modes are possible with differing motivations – based on economies of scale but moderated by other influences – intensity – ranging from simply aggregating demand at the contracting stage to establishing a separate entity to actually provide the services –  focus – from IT infrastructure through to business processes – and extent – the number of partners involved and activities covered. 

ECIS2009-0079.R1
BLOGGING TO EXPRESS SELF AND SOCIAL IDENTITIES, ANY ONE?
WEE-KEK TAN, Department of Information Systems, National University of Singapore;
HOCK-HAI TEO, Department of Information Systems, National University of Singapore.
Abstract
Blogging has fast emerged as an unparalleled social computing phenomenon not to be ignored. This paper begins by reviewing the motivation factors for blogging identified in the extant literature. These factors can be broadly classified as either activities-based or behavioral-based. We then propose that a root motivation factor based on the theoretical underpinnings of self identity and social identity can better explain blogging motivation compared to the existing factors. Specifically, we posit that individuals could be receptive toward a migration of their real world self and social identities to the online virtual blog environment and thereby cumulates in the formation of blogger virtual identities. Blogger virtual identities is conceptualized as a second order formative construct formulated through two first-order reflective subconstructs, namely the virtual self identities and virtual social identities. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, we propose a virtual identities model of blogging intention to investigate how the blogger virtual identities can lead to blogging intention and actual blogging behaviour. A two-stage research methodology consisting of a qualitative content analysis and followed by a survey is also proposed. We conclude with a brief discussion on the potential theoretical and practical contributions of this paper.

ECIS2009-0201.R1
UNDERSTANDING VIRTUAL WORLD USAGE: A MULTIPURPOSE MODEL AND EMPIRICAL TESTING
TIBERT VERHAGEN, Knowledge, Information and Networks research group, VU University Amsterdam  The Netherlands;
FRANS FELDBERG, Knowledge, Information and Networks research group, VU University Amsterdam  The Netherlands;
BART VAN DEN HOOFF, , Knowledge, Information and Networks research group, VU University Amsterdam  The Netherlands;
SELMAR MEENTS, Knowledge, Information and Networks research group, VU University Amsterdam  The Netherlands.
Abstract
This study reports an attempt to enhance our understanding of the reasons behind virtual world usage. By providing a mixture of utilitarian and hedonic value, virtual worlds represent an emerging class of multipurpose information systems (MPIS). Previous research seems to fall short in explaining MPIS adoption, especially since key extrinsic and intrinsic motivators are not considered. Drawing upon IT adoption research, motivation theory and the consumer behavior literature, this research extends available works and provides insight into the influence and roles of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Hypotheses are postulated and tested using a sample of 1627 users of the virtual world Second Life. The results confirm the majority of the hypotheses and support the comprehensive model. The findings indicate instantaneous effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, and highlight reinforcing effects of intrinsic motivation. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

ECIS2009-0269.R1
USER ACCEPTANCE OF SECOND LIFE: AN EXTENDED TAM INCLUDING HEDONIC CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOURS
NAUMAN SAEED, Faculty of ICT, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia,;
YUN YANG, Faculty of ICT, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australi;
SUKU SINNAPPAN, Faculty of Higher Education, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Lilydale, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract 
Second Life is a 3-D multi-user virtual environment which has gained wide spread popularity amongst academic community in the recent years. However, due to its infancy very little is known about the factors driving users’ intention to use Second Life especially in the educational context. This paper presents findings from an ongoing study about the impacts of using multi-user virtual environments in higher education. In information systems research, several models and frameworks have attempted to predict the acceptance of new technology. However some recent studies suggest that the traditional technology acceptance approaches may not work well with today’s entertainment-oriented technologies such as multi-user virtual environments. They also recommend exploring those facets of human behaviour that are likely to capture the hedonic consumption of such technologies. In this paper, we propose an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) including hedonic consumption behaviours in order to explain the usage and acceptance of Second Life in the educational context. The proposed model is empirically evaluated using survey data collected from 122 users about their perceptions of Second Life. Findings suggest that hedonic consumption behaviours are strong predictors of Second Life usage as compared to traditional motivational constructs of usefulness and ease-of-use.

ECIS2009-0081.R1
GENDER AND WEBSITE DESIGN ACROSS CULTURES
DIANNE CYR, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada.
Abstract
Previous research has determined that women and men process information differently and have unique values. These findings are further confirmed in the context of online shopping where women are known to have diverse preferences from men related to website design, and different sentiments regarding website trust and security. Yet despite these known differences, relatively there is little
research has examined gender and website design. Further, although online shoppers hail from all corners of the globe, no research has examined gender differences concerning website design in a multicultural sample. To fill this gap, the current investigation examined differences between men and women with a focus on trust, satisfaction, loyalty, and website design in eight countries. Results
demonstrate significant differences between men and women on all variables tested. Further analyses of four of the countries in the sample (China, Canada, the United States, and Germany) are compared related to socio-cultural values for masculinity-femininity. As expected, countries more alike on this dimension exhibited more similarities in terms of gender comparisons. All hypotheses in the study are supported. Suggestions are made regarding avenues for future research.

ECIS2009-0528.R1
CROSS-CONTEXTUAL USE OF INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS
GASPARAS JARULAITIS Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 7-9, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
ERIC MONTEIRO, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 7-9, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Abstract 
Large-scale organizations are increasingly promoting more collaborative and collective work practices across organizational boarders. A predominant way to achieve better collaboration in large-scale heterogeneous contexts is to establish an integrated and standardized technological infrastructure. Ethnographically inspired studies, on the other hand, have challenged such perspective and illustrated that generic technology does not fit in local contexts and needs to be worked-around. Similarly, this paper empirically exemplifies local workarounds and illustrates ongoing and persistently imperfect integration of a collaborative infrastructure in a global oil and gas company. More importantly, however, our analysis focuses on how integrated technology is used across contexts. We illustrate how local workarounds, as a result of tight technological integration, shape use patterns across contexts. Integrated systems establish interdependencies across contexts, thus, the use implies cross-contextual rather than local enactment. Since the trajectory of enactment is influenced by cross-contextual constrains, our study is addressing the existing overemphasis on studying/analysing the use of technology in isolated local contexts. Practically, our study suggests considering workarounds as an intrinsic part of every day work, which should be calculated as additional costs of making the generic technology to work in practice.

ECIS2009-0614.R1
DOES TIME MATTER? THE ROLE OF ICT IN SHAPING TEMPORAL ASSUMPTIONS
DANIELA ISARI, Catholic University of Milan, Italy.
Abstract. 
Despite its importance to temporal issues, research into the temporal impacts of information technology in organizations is still limited. On the other hand, organizational culture research shows that the way time is perceived and collectively organized reflects assumptions that are an expression of the specific organizational setting, underscoring that cultural assumptions are an important contributory factor to the strength and direction of organizational change. In this contribution, we investigate the role ICT can play in promoting changes in the temporal dimension of organizational culture, and seek to assess whether temporal assumptions can affect the way a new system is used, thus facilitating/hindering the achievement of the expected results. This research-in-progress paper presents some preliminary results of a multiple case study, showing what types of ‘temporal performance’ management expects to see thanks to the introduction of a workflow system, and showing that managers have different levels of awareness about potential temporal performance of the system. Preliminary results also seem to confirm that, after the introduction of the workflow, some temporal dimensions of organizational culture of the departments involved present some significant changes, which confirm hypothesis 1 of the study, but also some contradictory effects that seem to confirm hypothesis 2.

ECIS2009-0312.R1
OBJECTS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN THE INTERDISCIPLINARY DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER GAMES
NIKIFOROS PANOURGIAS, Warwick Business School, Coventry, UK;
JOE NANDHAKUMAR, Warwick Business School, Coventry, UK;
HARRY SCARBROUGH, Warwick Business School, Coventry, UK.
Abstract
This paper investigates the role of boundary objects in the interdisciplinary collaborative processes found in computer games development. It draws on data from an in-depth case study in a computer games studio that explores boundary objects in relation to the compelling, sensory and entertainment- centred game-playing practices that inform computer games design and development. Sensory user experience and aesthetic considerations – of primary importance in computer games development – are becoming increasingly significant in the design and development of many other kinds of software and information systems. For this reason developments in the design and production of computer games have wider implications for other software and information systems settings and provide
valuable insights into processes of collaboration that bridge cultural and aesthetic as well as technical forms of expertise. The paper seeks to provide insights into how objects contribute to such collaboration, with attention focusing especially on how game developers devise objects that span boundaries and draw on these in their collaboration. Through its focus on the material production and practices of computer games development, the research presented also seeks to contribute to the theoretical treatment of interdisciplinary collaborative working in software design and development via a critical assessment of the concept of boundary objects in the setting being studied.

ECIS2009-0412.R1
SERVICE ANALYSIS - A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF THE ART
THOMAS KOHLBORN, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,  Australia;
AXEL KORTHAUS, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,  Australia;
TAIZAN CHAN; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,  Australia
MICHAEL ROSEMANN, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,  Australia.
Abstract
The service-orientation paradigm has not only become prevalent in the software systems domain in recent years, but is also ncreasingly applied on the business level to restructure organisational capabilities. In this paper, we present the results of an extensive literature review of 30 approaches related to service identification and analysis for both domains. Based on the consolidation of a superset of comparison criteria for service-oriented methodologies found in related literature, we compare and evaluate the different characteristics of service engineering methods with a focus on service analysis. Although a close business and IT alignment is regarded as one of the core beneficial promises of service-orientation, our analysis suggests that there is a lack of unified, comprehensive methodology for service identification and analysis integrating and addressing both domains. Thus, we discuss how our results can inform directions for future research in this area.

ECIS2009-0419.R1
MEASUREMENTS, FEEDBACK AND EMPOWERMENT: CRITICAL SYSTEMS THEORY AS A BASIS FOR SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
PETTER ØGLAND, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1080 Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
Abstract
While organizations in software industry want to portray themselves as professional in terms of following standards and methods, they may also have needs for improvising and short-cutting when necessary. Such dilemmas of dual logics are sometimes internally esolved by evolving a false belief of what is done (practice) being in correspondence to what is said (standards), regardless of what an empirical investigation might show, something that can have poor business implications and also poor social implications.  Particularly focusing on this latter point, the meta-methodology of total systems interventions (TSI) has been used for integrating critical systems theory with total quality management, improving social conditions in parallel with improving business processes.  Although TSI is not designed for liberating organizations where nobody see themselves in need of liberation, the hypothesis of this paper is that it is ossible to design quality management systems as “conflict machines”, causing sufficient social tension for more or less automatically changing “fake quality” into “real quality”. The hypothesis is investigated by applying design research in a Scandinavian public sector organization.  The findings consist of statistical and interpretative evidence for the success of the approach, making a contribution to how TSI can be applied in the software industry.

ECIS2009-0464.R1
MANAGING UNCERTAINTY IN SERVICE PRODUCTION WITH MOBILE SYSTEMS - CASE WASTE MANAGEMENT COMPANY
MIIRA JUNTUMAA; Helsinki School of Economics, POBOX 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
THERESA LAURAEUS-NIINIVAARA, Helsinki School of Economics, POBOX 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland;
VIRPI TUUNAINEN,Helsinki School of Economics, POBOX 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland;
ANSSI ÖÖRNI, Helsinki School of Economics, POBOX 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract 
Today’s growth of the service sector as a whole has created demand for more efficient service production. Many services require interaction between customers and service personnel, whereas some can be automated into self-services. In this study, we focus on services, that are neither purely human facilitated, nor purely automated, and contain uncertainty in the production process. Based on resource centric theories of strategy and research on uncertainties in service production, we introduce a research framework to evaluate efficient solutions for service production. Our research framework looks at environmental and informational uncertainties, and how an organization can adapt to these by utilizing technology or skilled labour. Illustrated with a case company, we show how mobile information systems can be used to manage service production related uncertainties, which are also typically barriers to standardization. The case study demonstrates how informational uncertainty could be more easily controlled using the new system. The job satisfaction of the workers was increased and their turnover and training time was decreased. Additionally, customer complaints were reduced and invoicing became more efficient. These enabled the company to enhance the efficiency of the service production processes further, moving closer to standardizing and automating the service production process within an uncertain environment.

ECIS2009-0727.R1
A PRELIMINARY LADDERING ANALYSIS ON MOBILE SERVICES USAGE
PATRICIA MCMANUS, Edith Cowan University 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Australia;
CRAIG STANDING, Edith Cowan University 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Australia;
RAFFAELE ZANOLI, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche, Vie Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy.
Abstract
This paper proposes the use of laddering technique to determine the decision making process to adoption. Means end theory reveals the human values that are fulfilled for the individual by using various m-technology and services. Preliminary findings of a bigger study are presented. IT shows that mobile technology and services often fulfil such basic needs as self-esteem, achievement, individuality, belonging and well-being. Exploring the realization of values as a theoretical framework offers researchers a way forward in environments characterised by individual technology decisions.

ECIS2009-0234.R1
IMPACTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) OUTSOURCING ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A FIRM-LEVEL EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
YASIN OZCELIK, Fairfield University, Dolan School of Business, Fairfield, CT 06824-5195, USA;
KEMAL ALTINKEMER, Purdue University, Krannert Graduate School of Management, West Lafayette, USA.
Abstract
We investigate the impact of Information Technology (IT) outsourcing on firm performance from several dimensions, including changes in labor productivity, improvements in financial and operational performance variables, and stock market valuation of IT outsourcing initiatives as measured by Tobin’s q. While our main objective is to better understand the economics of IT outsourcing, we also aim to contribute to the literature on the business value of IT in general. Our research contributes to the relevant literature from the following perspectives: (i) the change in the performance levels of firms due to IT outsourcing is measured against that of firms not outsourcing at all, (ii) panel data regression model is utilized in order to capture both cross-sectional and time-series differences among firms, (iii) the diversity of IT outsourcing initiatives is explicitly considered in the model, and (iv) a comprehensive data set covering the period between 1984 and 2007 is used.

ECIS2009-0388.R1
ANTECEDENTS OF SUCCESS IN IS OFFSHORING PROJECTS – PROPOSAL FOR AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH STUDY
MARKUS WESTNER, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany,
Abstract
The paper presents a research model and a measurement instrument for a research-in-progress study on the antecedents of success in IS offshoring projects. In this empirical-confirmatory study, we intend to analyse the impact of the constructs “offshoring expertise”, “trust in offshore service provider”, “project suitability”, “knowledge transfer”, and “liaison quality” on offshore project success. Constructs and indicators are derived from an extensive literature review. We plan to formulate a structural equation model and to test it using partial least squares (PLS) as an analysis technique. Our research model addresses the paucity of research that quantitatively examines offshoring success.

ECIS2009-0725.R1
MANAGING AN IT CARVE OUT AT A MULTI-NATIONAL ENTERPRISE\R\NA TEACHING CASE
JENS FAEHLING, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 3, Garching b. München, Germany;
JAN MARCO LEIMEISTER,  Universität Kassel,  Nora-Platiel-Str. 4, Kassel, Germany;
PHILIP YETTON,  University of New South Wales, Australian School of Business, Building, Kensington, Australia;
HELMUT KRCMAR, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 3,Garching b. München, Germany.
Abstract
Mergers, acquisitions and divestments, including the carve-outs of business units or parts of them, are standard strategies used by multi-divisional organizations to adjust their business portfolios. Carve-out projects are critically dependent on their management of IT. Systems, which have been integrated in order to deliver seamless and efficient IT operations, must now be pulled apart under demanding time and compliance constraints. In 2007, Delta IT Consulting (DIC), one of France’s biggest IT-service provider, sold one of its three service provider divisions, IT Product Services (IPS). This division employed about 3,500 employees in 20 countries and previously generated 0.7 billion of DIC’s 3.8 billion euro revenues. DIC itself is a division of Delta Corporation - a French high-tech company and leading player in a wide array of businesses, industries and countries around the world. This teaching case challenges the reader to analyse and manage the IT carve-out as a critical component within the divestment project. The case includes insights into strategic and organizational challenges of planning and managing an IT carve-out project.

ECIS2009-0379.R1
A CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT GOVERNANACE IN INDIAN ORGANISATIONS
MALINI JAYAGANESH, Department of Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
GRAEME SHANKS, Department of Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract 
Business process management (BPM) is a key issue for organisations, particularly in a global business environment. In this paper we synthesise a framework for BPM governance and then report two case studies that explore the influence of national culture on BPM governance in India. One case study involves a global outsourcing services company with Indian origins and the other an Indian
manufacturing company that has recently established an overseas presence. The two case studies provide a deep understanding of how culture influences BPM governance differently within each organization and how BPM governance practices can be established to mitigate any negative influences of national culture in a global context.

ECIS2009-0632.R1
DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK FOR IT GOVERNANCE IN THE POST-MERGER INTEGRATION PHASE
JÖRG BECKER, University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
JENS POEPPELBUSS, University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
CARL STOLZE, University of Münster, (ERCIS), Leonardo-Campus 3, 48149 Münster, Germany;
CYRUS ASGARIAN, Deloitte Consulting GmbH, CIO Advisory Services, Franklinstraße 46-48,  Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Abstract 
As today’s Information Technology (IT) penetrates the business of almost any company, the IT integration of two companies is regarded as one of the most challenging tasks in mergers and acquisitions (M&A). This integration mainly takes place during the post-merger integration (PMI) phase of an M&A endeavor. In this phase, well-defined IT governance is critical to success since it specifies the decision rights and an accountability framework to encourage a desirable course of the IT integration. It harmonizes IT-related integration issues with desired behaviors and business objectives.  In this paper, we provide a framework for IT Governance in the PMI phase (ITGoPMI). The ITGoPMI framework can serve as a blueprint for the specification of organizational units and their decision fields when the IT functions of two companies become one. We are developing the framework according to the principles of design science research in an iterative manner. Preliminary versions of the framework were evaluated through expert interviews. They approved that the here presented version of our ITGoPMI framework already has the potential to serve as a beneficial guideline for post-merger IT integration in practice. Nevertheless, we will continue our research process with further evaluation and improvement of the framework.

ECIS2009-0579.R1
ARCHITECTURES OF PARTICIPATION AND EMERGENT FORMS OF INTER-ORGANISATIONAL ACTIVITY: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
JOSEPH FELLER, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland;
PATRICK FINNEGAN, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;
OLOF NILSSON, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
Abstract 
This research-in-progress paper explores ways in which inter-organisational networks can fulfil both collective (network) and self-interest (member) goals by implementing architectures of participation that govern and support participant interaction. We draw on recent studies to derive a conceptual framework consisting of technological, legal, economic and social mechanisms in inter-organisational networks, and using initial findings from three case studies of networks in Sweden and Denmark, we illustrate how these architectures operate. Our analysis shows the relative importance of these mechanisms in facilitating individual and collective value creation and we conclude by presenting our ongoing research plans.  

ECIS2009-0058.R1
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EVALUATION MODEL OF E-COMMERCE WEBSITES FOR THE TAIWANESE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
WEN-HSIEN TSAI, National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan;
JUN-DER LEU, National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan;
WEN-CHIN CHOU, National Central University, Taiwan, Yu Da College of Business, Miaoli County, Taiwan
Abstract
The airline industry employs advanced e-commerce technologies to retain frequent customers and attract new passengers, but it is likely that not all airlines have clear knowledge about how many gaps should be filled between the status quo and an ideal website. This study proposes an integrated model for evaluating airlines’ websites in terms of the perspectives of “marketing mix 4Ps” and “website quality”. In order to verify the practicality and usefulness of this model, an empirical study of the Taiwanese airline industry is offered to illustrate the application of the proposed model. The model first applies the DEMATEL method to cope with the interdependencies between criteria. It then converts the criteria’s cause and effect relations into a visual structural map where the ANP method can help compute the weight of criteria. Finally, it uses the modified VIKOR method to rank e-commerce websites of the five Taiwanese airlines. Overall, the results show that the Taiwanese airlines still have a great deal of room to improve their websites. This proposed model not only provides helpful information for airlines to understand their websites’ quality level, but also contributes to industrial applications in terms of providing some worthwhile recommendations for building an ideal website.

ECIS2009-0177.R1
ASSESSING THE BUSINESS VALUE OF ELECTRONIC ORDER-TO-PAYMENT CYCLE
HEIKKI LEMPINEN, Helsinki School of Economics, Runeberginkatu 14-16, Helsinki, Finland;
ESKO PENTTINEN, Helsinki School of Economics, Runeberginkatu 14-16, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
In this paper, we build an evaluation tool for assessing the business impacts of an electronic order-to-payment cycle. Based on a literature review and expert interviews, we formulate a three-stage model which includes performance indicators for electronic order, electronic invoice, and electronic payment processes. In addition, we pinpoint the inter-process linkages. We test the proposed evaluation tool in a business context and find that the impacts of automating the order-to-payment cycle relate closely to cost avoidance. However, a strong emphasis on asset utilization can be observed as well – better use of IT could enhance utilization of existing human resources and capital, affecting company profitability.

ECIS2009-0386.R1
A METRICS SYSTEM FOR THE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT OF ONLINE DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS OF MULTI-CHANNEL RETAILERS
CLAUDIA HIENERTH, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Carl-Zeiß-Straße 3, 07743 Jena, Germany;
DAVID MEYER, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Augasse 2–6, 1090 Wien, Austria. 
Abstract
The Internet changed from a pure information media to a distribution channel, challenging companies in measuring the performance of their online distribution channels. Multi-channel retailers are particularly concerned since they need to coordinate their efforts with traditional, offline retailing activities. The paper at hand presents a corresponding metrics system derived from literature and a Delphi study, allowing for comparability with offline channels.

ECIS2009-0544.R1
A DESIGN RESEARCH STUDY ON ENHANCING CREATIVITY – THE CASE OF DEVELOPING PRODUCT-SERVICE BUNDLES
FELIX MÜLLER-WIENBERGEN, (ERCIS), University of  Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany;
STEFAN SEIDEL, University of Liechtenstein, Fürst-Franz-Josef-Strasse 21, Vaduz, Principality of Liechtenstein;
OLIVER MUELLER, (ERCIS), University of  Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany;
RALF KNACKSTEDT, (ERCIS), University of  Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany;
JÖRG BECKER, (ERCIS), University of  Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany.
Abstract
As the sole production of goods is more and more becoming a commodity, many manufactures start bundling their physical products with related value-added services in order to differentiate their value propositions. The process of developing such customer-oriented combinations of products and services is an innovation process that requires the input of creative individuals. In this design-oriented paper we describe the conceptual design and prototypical implementation of an IT system that supports creative individuals performing such creative development efforts. The conceptual design builds on the provision of explicit knowledge by means of multi-perspective, hierarchical navigation structures. We argue that this concept (a) fosters information access that accords with the creative nature of a product development process and (b) furthering creative thinking through the provision of three distinct types of stimuli that actuates new entry points in a person’s cognitive network. The conceptual design of the system has its underpinnings in associative theories on creativity.

ECIS2009-0404.R1
FROM DATA WAREHOUSES TO TRANSFORMATION HUBS - A CONCEPTUAL ARCHITECTURE
HANS-GEORG KEMPER, University of Stuttgart, Breitscheidstraße 2c, Stuttgart, Germany;
HENNING BAARS, University of Stuttgart, Breitscheidstraße 2c, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany.
Abstract
Originally, Data Warehouses (DWH) were conceived to be components for the data support of  controlling and management. From early on, this brought along the need to cope with extensive data preparation, integration, and distribution requirements. In the growing infrastructures for managerial support (“Business Intelligence”), the DWH turned into a central data hub for decision support. As the business environment and the underlying technical infrastructures are fostering an ever increasing degree of systems integration, the DWH has been recognized to be a pivotal component for all sorts of data transformation and data integration operations. Nowadays, the DWH is supposed to process both managerial and operational data – it becomes a transformation hub (TH). This article delineates the relevant motives that drive the trend towards THs and the resulting requirements. The logical composition of a TH is developed based on data transformation steps. Two case studies exemplify the application of the resulting architecture.

ECIS2009-0566.R1
RECONSTRUCTING THE GIANT: ON THE IMPORTANCE OF RIGOUR IN DOCUMENTING NTHE LITERATURE SEARCH PROCESS
JAN VOM BROCKE, Institute of Information Systems, University of Liechtenstein, Fuerst-Franz-Josef Strasse 21, Vaduz, Liechtenstein.
ALEXANDER SIMONS, Institute of Information Systems, University of Liechtenstein, Fuerst-Franz-Josef Strasse 21, Vaduz, Liechtenstein.
BJÖRN NIEHAVES, ERCIS, University of Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany KAI RIEMER, ERCIS, University of Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany RALF PLATTFAUT, ERCIS, University of Münster, Leonardo-Campus 3, Münster, Germany ANNE CLEVEN, Institute of Information Management, University of St.Gallen, Mueller-Friedberg-Strasse 8, St.Gallen, Switzerland.
Abstract 
Science is a cumulative endeavour as new knowledge is often created in the process of interpreting and combining existing knowledge. This is why literature reviews have long played a decisive role in scholarship. The quality of literature reviews is particularly determined by the literature search process. As Sir Isaac Newton eminently put it: “If I can see further, it is because I am standing on the shoulders of giants.” Drawing on this metaphor, the goal of writing a literature review is to reconstruct the giant of accumulated knowledge in a specific domain. And in doing so, a literature search represents the fundamental first step that makes up the giant’s skeleton and largely determines its reconstruction in the subsequent literature analysis. In this paper, we argue that the process of searching the literature must be comprehensibly described. Only then can readers assess the exhaustiveness of the review and other scholars in the field can more confidently (re)use the results in their own research. We set out to explore the methodological rigour of literature review articles published in ten major information systems (IS) journals and show that many of these reviews do not thoroughly document the process of literature search. The results drawn from our analysis lead us to call for more rigour in documenting the literature search process and to present guidelines for crafting a literature review and search in the IS domain.

ECIS2009-0216.R1
AN EVALUATION OF USER ACCEPTANCE OF A CORPORATE INTRANET
STUART BARNES, Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
RICHARD VIDGEN, School of Management, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
Abstract
Intranets represent an important organisational resource for knowledge sharing. However, as yet, there has been little research into the quality of intranets and the impact of quality on intranet user acceptance. In the study reported in this paper, an intranet quality assessment tool comprising the dimensions usability, design, and information quality, is combined with perceived usefulness and social influence from the technology acceptance literature to create an intranet acceptance model. The model is applied to the sales and marketing division of an international manufacturing company. Data is collected via a Web survey (n=131, response rate = 65.5%) and tested using the partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling. The results show that intranet quality is a significant factor in determining behavioural intention to use, although it is less important than perceived usefulness and social influence. Comments collected from respondents are used to illustrate the findings and provide an insight into user behaviour. The discussion considers the implications, future research (e.g., the role of social influence in intranet usage) and limitations. The paper rounds off with a short summary.

ECIS2009-0512.R1
INTEGRATING VALUE-DRIVEN FEEDBACK AND RECOMMENDATION MECHANISMS INTO BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
YOAV KOLODNER, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, Israel
ADIR EVEN, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, Israel
Abstract
Business intelligence (BI) systems and tools are broadly adopted in organizations today, supporting activities such as data analysis, managerial decision making, and business-performance measurement. Our research investigates the integration of feedback and recommendation mechanisms (FRM) into BI solutions. We define FRM as textual, visual, and/or graphical cues that are embedded into front-end BI tools and guide the end-user to consider using certain data subsets and analysis forms. Our working hypothesis is that the integration of FRM will improve the usability of BI tools and increase the benefits that end-users and organizations can gain from data resources. Our first research stage focuses on FRM based on assessment of previous usage and the associated value gain. We describe
the development of such FRM, and the design of an experiment that will test the usability and the benefits of their integration. Our experiment incorporates value-driven usage metadata - a novel methodology for tracking and communicating the usage of data, linked to a quantitative assessment of the value gained. We describe a high-level architecture for supporting the collection, storage, and presentation of this new metadata form, and a quantitative method for assessing it.

ECIS2009-0012.R1
WHY DO PEOPLE BUY VIRTUAL ITEMS IN VIRTUAL WORLDS? AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF A CONCEPTUAL MODEL
YUE GUO, Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
STUART BARNES, Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Abstract 
In the past few years, virtual worlds – such as Second Life, World of Warcraft and RuneScape – have demonstrated the potential to be a promising online business model. Millions of paying users around the world now participate in virtual worlds and trade virtual items with each other. However, little empirical research has been conducted into players’ purchase behaviour in virtual worlds. To address
this research gap, the current study develops and tests a conceptual model of purchase behaviour in the context of virtual worlds. An online survey was conducted within Second Life (n=250) and SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Models by Partial Least Squares) was used to confirm the conceptual model. Among the statistically significant paths found in the conceptual model, effort expectancy,
performance expectancy, perceived value, customisation, habit, advancement and enjoyment all have strong impact on virtual world residents’ purchase intention. The study rounds off with a discussion and conclusions, highlighting implications for practice, research limitations and promising areas for future research

ECIS2009-0482.R1
ADOPTION OF CROSS-COMPANY RFID: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED INFLUENCE FACTORS
CHRISTOPH GOEBEL, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany;
CHRISTOPH TRIBOWSKI, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany;
OLIVER GUENTHER, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
Although the use of RFID in the supply chain still lags behind expectations, its appeal to practitioners and researchers remains unabated. Apart from technical challenges, the profitability of an RFID deployment is a major concern for potential customers. A promising way to increase an RFID solution’s profitability is to use RFID transponders in several companies along the supply chain and share the cost and implementation effort. This paper represents a first attempt to identify the factors affecting the perceived likelihood that cross-company RFID is adopted. Our empirical results indicate that profitability is a key influence factor in this context. Related important factors are the uncertainty of costs and returns and the possible imbalance of costs and returns among the supply chain participants. The influence of organizational factors, such as power, leadership and experience, is negligible in comparison.

ECIS2009-0496.R1
AN EVENT-DRIVEN APPROACH TO DYNAMIC SITUATION DETECTION
ANSGER JACOB, Universität Hohenheim, Information Systems 2, Schwerzstraße 35, Stuttgart, Germany;
MARCUS MÜLLER, Universität Hohenheim, Information Systems 2, Schwerzstraße 35, Stuttgart, Germany;
STEFAN KIRN, Universität Hohenheim, Information Systems 2, Schwerzstraße 35, Stuttgart, Germany;
Abstract
To cope with the emerging demand for individual products and services, new approaches for handling the individualization in dynamic supply chains are needed. Our object of investigation is to establish Situation-awareness (SA) in an assistant information system for supply chain partners to cope with individualization-driven demands. Our contribution is an event-driven architecture design to enable
situational planning using the Situation Calculus upon distributed contextual information. Sensors raise events among supply chain partner’s information systems, which are combined to context events  in order to derive situations on partner level. Our works follows the Design Science in Information Systems Research to design and evaluate the aevaluation uses life stock transports as an example.

ECIS2009-0371.R1
DEDUCING DEMANDS AT BUSINESS-INTELLIGENCE-SYSTEMS BEYOND UNBUNDLING WITHIN THE EUROPEAN ENERGY MARKETS
JOHANNES BUDER, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Lessingstrasse 45, Freiberg, Germany;
CARSTEN FELDEN, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Lessingstrasse 45, Freiberg, Germany
Abstract 
The paper presents a process model to deduce utility specific requirements within the utility industry beyond unbundling. It is based on a case study. Due to the market transition, Business Intelligence (BI) and its tasks of extracting, transforming, and analyzing data at different enterprise levels becomes relevant within this industry. Whereas utilities were formerly protected by regional monopolies, they had to change to competition nowadays. Therefore, getting information in the appropriate quality, at the right time, and in every situation is important for all management levels. According to empirical studies, the BI usage within the utility industry is low. The companies invested a lot of money into hard- and software, but had no time to fulfill business requirements. One reason is that priority tasks like unbundling had to be implemented first. Such projects were time consuming so that there were no resources left for additional vertical information flow oriented activities. Moreover, current BI implementation models do not consider utility specific requirements. Due to this reason, the contribution of this paper is to present a business flow orientated process model that deduces requirements by presenting the main business processes, data volume, and complexities on a department level, especially in context of the European unbundling directive.

ECIS2009-0303.R1
FOCUS GROUPS AND CRITICAL SOCIAL IS RESEARCH: HOW THE CHOICE OF METHOD CAN PROMOTE EMANCIPATION OF RESPONDENTS AND RESEARCHERS
BERND STAHL De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
MONICA CHIARINI TREMBLAY,Florida International University, Decision Sciences & Information Systems, Miami, Florida, USA;
CYNTHIA LEROUGE, Saint Louis University, Decision Sciences/ Information Technology Management, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
Abstract 
Critical social research in information systems has been gaining prominence for some time and is increasingly viewed as a valid research approach. One problem of the critical tradition is that there is a lack of empirical research. A contributing factor to this gap in the literature is the lack of agreement on what constitutes appropriate methodologies for critical research. The present paper contributes to this debate by outlining the role that focus group research can play in the critical approach. The paper outlines the main characteristics of critical research with an emphasis on its emancipatory faculties. It then goes on to review the focus group method in general and gives an account of two research projects that used focus groups as a method of data collection. It is argued that focus groups can contribute to emancipation of researchers as well as respondents. This argument is built upon the critical theories of the two most prominent theorists currently relied upon in critical social IS research, namely Jürgen Habermas and Michel Foucault. Focus groups can improve communication and move real discourses closer to the Habermas's ideas speech situation. At the same time, they can contribute to the challenging of prevailing orthodoxy and thereby overcome established regimes of truth in the Foucauldian tradition. The paper ends with a critical reflection of the shortcomings of focus groups as a critical method and of the specific approach chosen in this paper.

ECIS2009-0162.R1
DESIGNING AND EVALUATING AN INTERACTIVE VIDEO WEBSITE FOR ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING
STEFAN HRASTINSKI, Computer and Systems Science, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
THERESE MONSTAD, Media and Communication Science, Dep. of Information Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Abstract
The interest in audio and video technologies has surged as IT infrastructures and network capacities have improved. Surprisingly, there have been rather few studies on such emerging technologies in organizational settings. In this research-in-progress paper, we explore the impact of the use of an interactive video website, comprising videos promoting a company’s core values, on organizational learning. More specifically, we intend to study how the use of a video website affects the awareness of a company’s core values and whether this will also influence the behaviour of the employees. Two web surveys are being designed for the study. The first survey was conducted prior to introducing the video website. In this paper, we present initial results from the first survey. We are currently in the process of designing a follow-up questionnaire in order to assess cognitive and behavioural effects of introducing the video website. As a complement, we will also conduct interviews and observations of how the video website is used.

ECIS2009-0337
MULTI-LEVEL ORGANISATIONAL SENSEMAKING AND LEARNING AS ENABLERS OF INFORMATION SHARING TO MITIGATE IDENTITY AND RELATED CRIMES
ROGER JAMIESON, University of New South Wales, ANZAC Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;
LESLEY LAND, University of New South Wales, ANZAC Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia ;
GREGORY STEPHENS, University of New South Wales, ANZAC Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;
DONALD WINCHESTER, University of New South Wales, ANZAC Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
Abstract
The practice of information sharing as an approach to mitigate identity fraud within, between and from Australian organisations is investigated. Organisations need more flexibility to verify legitimate customers in information system (IS) environments where ‘know-your-customer’ laws or protocols exist for ‘customer-not-present’ or ‘new customer’ transactions. An IS sharing approach is needed, whilst also protecting individual consumers, entities and other stakeholders from identity (identity theft, identity deception, and identity fraud) or related crimes (money laundering, terrorism, trafficking – people, drugs, weapons, or illicit material) and from the breach or abuse of private ‘identity’ information. Privacy, data provisioning laws and protocols need to be adhered to when sharing information whether verbally, coded, encrypted, or interrogating shared data sets through data mining, profiling or other identity crime mitigation techniques. Most information sharing literature to-date focuses within the organisation-level. Our contribution is across organisations as well as within and across, at the sector-level. Asymmetry in information shared between organisations is reduced when the aim is to mitigate a common phenomenon or cause, such as identity crime. However, this sharing relies on trust, integrity, and confidentiality between organisations both within and across industry sectors as well as between the private and public sectors.

ECIS 2009 MEET THE EDITORS LIST OF JOURNALS AND EDITORS INVITED

NICHOLAS C. ROMANO, JR.

ALPHABETICALLY ORDERED

ECIS MEETS THE EDITORS SESSION 1


1. BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT JOURNAL (BPMJ)
   MAJED AL-MASHARI, EDITOR
   ZAHIR IRANI, EUROPEAN EDITOR AND FOUNDING EDITOR
   http://info.emeraldinsight.com/products/journals/journals.htm?id=bpmj
   


2. ELECTRONIC MARKETS - THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON NETWORKED BUSINESS (EM) HUBERT OESTERLE, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
   KAREN HEYDEN, EXECUTIVE EDITOR
   http://www.electronicmarkets.org
   


3. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS (EJIS)
   RICHARD BASKERVILLE, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
   RAY PAUL, EDITOR
   HANS VAN DER HEIJDEN, EDITOR
   http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ejis/index.html
   


4. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (EJOR)
   ROMAN SLOWINSKI, CO-ORDINATING EDITOR
   JESUS ARTALEJO, EDITOR
   JEAN-CHARLES BILLAUT, EDITOR
   ROBERT DYSON, EDITOR
   LORENZO PECCATI, EDITOR
   http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ejor
   


5. INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT (IP&M)
   FABIO CRESTANI, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
   http://www.elsevier.com/locate/infoproman
   


6. INFORMATION SYSTEMS DATABASES: THEIR CREATION,
   MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION (IS)
   DENNIS SHASHA, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
   GOTTFRIED VOSSEN, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
   http://www.elsevier.com/locate/infosys
   


7. INFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL (ISJ)
   DAVID AVISON, EDITOR
   GUY FITZGERALD, EDITOR
   http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journals/isj



8. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND PEOPLE (ITP)
   KEVIN CROWSTON, CO-EDITOR
   ROBERT DAVISON, CO-EDITOR   
   http://www.emeraldinsight.com/itp.htm
   


ECIS MEETS THE EDITORS SESSION 2


9. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (IJIM)
   PHILLIP HILLS, EDITOR
   THOMPSON TEO, REGIONAL EDITOR: ASIA AND PACIFIC
   BRIAN DETLOR, REGIONAL EDITOR: NORTH AMERICA
   


10. JOURNAL OF DECISION SYSTEMS (JDS)
    FRÉDÉRIC ADAM, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
    FRADA BURSTEIN, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
    http://jds.revuesonline.com
    


11. JOURNAL OF ENTERPRISE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (JEIM)
    ZAHIR IRANI, EDITOR
PETER LOVE, REGIONAL EDITOR
    http://info.emeraldinsight.com/products/journals/journals.htm?id=jeim
    


12. JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (JIT)
    CHRIS SAUER, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
    http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jit/index.html
    
    
13. JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (JSIS)
    ROBERT GALLIERS, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
    SIRKKA JARVENPAA, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
    http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jsis
    
    
14. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEM (SJIS)
    KELD BØDKER, DENMARK, EDITOR
    BJØRN ERIK MUNKVOLD, NORWAY, COORDINATING EDITOR
    RIKARD LINDGREN, SWEDEN, EDITOR
    SAMULI PEKKOLA, FINLAND, EDITOR
    http://www.e-sjis.org
    


15. SPROUTS: WORKING PAPERS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS
    MICHEL AVITAL, EDITOR
    KEVIN CROWSTON, EDITOR
    BAS SMIT, MANAGING EDITOR
    http://sprouts.aisnet.org
    


16. SYSTÈMES D'INFORMATION ET MANAGEMENT (SIM)
    YVES PIGNEUR, CHIEF EDITOR
    http://revuesim.free.fr/_eng/index.php
    


17. WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK/ BUSINESS & INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (BISE) 

    HANS ULRICH BUHL, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
    http://www.bise-journal.org